The functional organisation of glia in the adult brain of Drosophila and other insects |
| |
Authors: | Tara N. Edwards Ian A. Meinertzhagen |
| |
Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biology, Life Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada, B3H 4J1;2. Department of Psychology, Life Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada, B3H 4J1 |
| |
Abstract: | This review annotates and categorises the glia of adult Drosophila and other model insects and analyses the developmental origins of these in the Drosophila optic lobe. The functions of glia in the adult vary depending upon their sub-type and location in the brain. The task of annotating glia is essentially complete only for the glia of the fly's lamina, which comprise: two types of surface glia—the pseudocartridge and fenestrated glia; two types of cortex glia—the distal and proximal satellite glia; and two types of neuropile glia—the epithelial and marginal glia. We advocate that the term subretinal glia, as used to refer to both pseudocartridge and fenestrated glia, be abandoned. Other neuropiles contain similar glial subtypes, but other than the antennal lobes these have not been described in detail. Surface glia form the blood brain barrier, regulating the flow of substances into and out of the nervous system, both for the brain as a whole and the optic neuropiles in particular. Cortex glia provide a second level of barrier, wrapping axon fascicles and isolating neuronal cell bodies both from neighbouring brain regions and from their underlying neuropiles. Neuropile glia can be generated in the adult and a subtype, ensheathing glia, are responsible for cleaning up cellular debris during Wallerian degeneration. Both the neuropile ensheathing and astrocyte-like glia may be involved in clearing neurotransmitters from the extracellular space, thus modifying the levels of histamine, glutamate and possibly dopamine at the synapse to ultimately affect behaviour. |
| |
Keywords: | BBB, blood brain barrier BrdU, bromodeoxyuridine Disco, Disconnected DNT, Drosophila Neurotrophin Drpr, Draper EAAT, Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter ERG, electroretinogram GCM, Glial cells missing GSK-3β, Glycogen synthase kinase-3β HDC, Histamine decarboxylase Ine, Inebriated IR, ionotropic glutamate receptor gene family olfactory receptor OR, G-protein coupled receptor gene family olfactory receptor OSN, olfactory sensory neuron PCD, programmed cell death RBG, retinal basal glia Repo, Reversed polarity RNAi, RNA interference SIMU, Six Microns Under Sws, Swiss cheese VMAT, Vesicular Monoamine Transporter wlds, wallerian degeneration slow |
本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录! |
|