体外诱导人骨髓间充质干细胞向血管平滑肌细胞分化的实验研究

目的应用血小板衍生生长因子BB（platelet-derived growthfactor BB,PDGF-BB）,体外诱导人骨髓间充质干细胞（human bone marrowmesenchymal stemcells,hBMSCs）向血管平滑肌细胞表型分化,探讨该方法的可行性及诱导细胞作为组织工程血管平滑肌种子细胞的可行性。方法抽取健康成人志愿者骨髓,经密度梯度离心分离得单个核细胞,PDGF-BB（20ng/ml）诱导hBMSCs向血管平滑肌样细胞（vascular smooth muscle cells,VSMCs）分化,观察细胞形态变化。免疫荧光检测细胞内血管平滑肌肌动蛋白α（vascular smooth muscleα-actin,SMα-actin）,血管平滑肌钙结合蛋白（vascular smoothmuscle calponin,SMcalponin）,血管平滑肌肌球蛋白重链（vascular smooth muscle myosin heavy chain,SMMHC）和细胞血管平滑肌钙结合相关蛋白（smooth muscle22α,SM22α）表达情况;反转录聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）检测诱导后血管平滑肌细胞SMα-actin,SMcalponin,SMMHC和SM22α的mRNA表达。Western印记检测SM22α的表达。流式细胞分析技术（fluorescence activated cell sorter,FACS）分析诱导后细胞内SMα-actin,SMcalponin,SMMHC的表达。结果PDGF-BB20ng/ml诱导后可见单层培养的细胞形态呈“成纤维细胞样”。免疫荧光检测示SMα-actin,SMcalponin,SMMHC,SM22α表达阳性;RT-PCR检测SMα-actin,SMcalponin,SMMHC,SM22α的mRNA阳性表达。Western印迹检测SM22α的表达为阳性。FACS分析表明诱导后,SMα-actin,SMcalponin,SMMHC表达均增高,与未诱导组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05,n=3）。结论人骨髓间充质干细胞在PDGF-BB的诱导下可向血管平滑肌细胞表型分化,有望成为血管组织工程血管平滑肌种子细胞的来源。

PDGF-BB initiates vascular smooth muscle-like phenotype differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in vitro differentiation into vascular smooth muscle cells with induction of platelet-derived growth Factor BB (PDGF-BB). METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of adult healthy donors were separated from iliac crest aspiration and expanded in DMEM-LG medium. Cells at passage 1 were transferred to EGM-2 medium containing PDGF-BB (20 ng/ml) and cultured for 14 days. The expression of SM alpha-actin, SM calponin, SMMHC and SM 22alpha were detected by immunofluorescence and observed with flurescence microscope. mRNA expression of SMalpha-actin, SM calponin, SMMHC as well as SM 22alpha was analyzed by RT-PCR. The method of Western-Blot was applied to determine protein expression of SM 22alpha. Cells with induction were observed for the expression of SM alpha-actin,SM calponin,SMMHC by FACs analysis. RESULTS: With the induction of PDGF-BB, the morphology of cells changed to a spindle fibroblastic appearance. By fluorescence microscope observation, expression of SM alpha-actin, SM calponin and SMMHC was found intracellularly in PDGF-BB treated hBMSCs at 14 days. Western-Blot detection confirmed SM 22alpha expression by 14 days induction. RT-PCR of characteristic vascular smoooth muscle cells related genes, such as SM alpha-actin, SM calponin, SMMHC and SM 22alpha revealed differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells phenotype in monolayerd culture upon stimulation with PDGF-BB for 14 days. The positive expression of SM alpha-actin, SM calponin and SMMHC in induced cells was significantly higher than that in non-induced cells (P < 0.05, n=3). CONCLUSION: These results suggested hBMSCs could be differentiated into vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype with PDGF-BB induction in vitro.