二甲基苯并蒽涂抹联合创伤诱发舌癌模型的比较研究

目的为探讨人舌癌的发生和发展规律,建立与人相近的鼠舌癌模型,并进行 SD 大鼠与金黄地鼠致癌表现差异的研究。方法 1%二甲基苯并蒽(DMBA)丙酮液涂抹联合应用舌创伤致 SD 大鼠和金黄地鼠左侧舌癌,共 24 周,通过光镜和透射电镜动态观察舌病理学改变。结果 SD 大鼠和金黄地鼠 3 d 后舌背黏膜左侧缘相继出现溃疡、白斑、肿大。SD大鼠 8 周可见上皮层增生和基底膜细胞的异型性改变,16 周癌变的基底细胞突破基底膜向深层浸润, 镜下见癌细胞分化程度差,无角化珠形成,致癌率 76.6%;金黄地鼠 8 周出现黏膜白斑或乳头状突起,继之出现黏膜糜烂,10 周逐渐形成外生性肿块,镜下见癌细胞分化程度高,有角化珠形成,致癌率为 93.3%。结论 DMBA 涂抹联合创伤法均可在 SD 大鼠和金黄地鼠诱发舌癌,成功率高,适合用于舌癌的相关研究。金黄地鼠比 SD 大鼠致癌率高,金黄地鼠主要表现为高分化癌,SD 大鼠则表现为低分化癌。

Comparative study on the tongue carcinoma model induced by local application both of 7,12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene (DMBA) and injury

Objective To establish a tongue carcinoma model in Sprague-Dawley rat and Golden hamster which is similar to the human tongue carcinoma, induced by DMBA and injury for further oral carcinogenesis research. To contrast the pathological expression in the two kinds of models of tongue carcinoma. Methods The left border tongue of the Sprague-Dawley rat and Gold hamster was applied with 1% DMBA acetone solution and chronic mechanical injury locally three times a week for 24 weeks. The pathological appearance was studied by light microscope and transmission electron microscope. Results Different pathological changes including anabrosis, leukoplakia, and intumescence which appeared on the left dorsum border of the tongue were observed in 3rd day after treatment in Sprague-Dawley rat and Golden hamster. The epithelial layer proliferation and basal cell heteromorphism was examined by light microscope and TEM after 8 weeks. We found that the basal cells together with basal membrane invade into lamina propria in Sprague-Dawley rat. At the 16th week, poor differentiation cancer cells and none of horny pearl were detected. The carcinogenesis rate in Sprague-Dawley rat was 76.6% (23 / 30). Leukoplakia and papillary epithelioma, followed by mucosal erosion, was found in Golden hamster after 8 weeks, and exophytic tumor was visible obviously. Hyperplasia of epithelium cells, high differentiation cancer cells and horny pearl were identified. The carcinogenesis rate in Golden hamster was 93.3% (28 / 30). Conclusion Local application both of 1% DMBA acetone solution and chronic mechanical injury on the tongue mucous membrane could induce tongue carcinoma successfully both in Sprague-Dawley rat and Golden hamster. It demonstrated that this is a good technique to establish a well stable , easily duplicated and high ratio of carcinogenesis tongue carcinoma model for the tongue carcinoma research. Furthermore , the carcinogenesis ratio in Golden hamster is higher than that of Sprague-Dawley rat. In general, the tongue carcinoma in Golden hamster was mainly high differentiation carcinoma and that of Sprague-Dawley rat was mainly poor differentiation carcinoma.