肿瘤专科医院恶性肿瘤患者医院感染易感因素探讨

目的:探讨肿瘤专科医院恶性肿瘤患者医院感染发生率及其相关因素。方法:对2006年度住院的5 978例恶性肿瘤患者医院感染易感因素进行分析研究。结果:有234例患者发生医院感染,感染率为3.91%,恶性肿瘤患者男性较女性患病率高,差异显著;感染与年龄、肿瘤期别、抗肿瘤治疗和侵袭性操作密切相关,而白细胞水平低下、抗生素及免疫抑制剂的使用等为医院感染的危险因素。医院感染还影响恶性肿瘤的预后,表现在受感染的患者住院时间延长、死亡率提高;感染部位以呼吸道感染为主,感染率为48.72%;引起医院感染的病原菌以念珠菌为首,杆菌与球菌比例明显失调。结论:恶性肿瘤患者以手术、放射、化学药物治疗为主,机体抵抗力降低、大量抗菌素使用,扰乱了机体正常菌群,甚至引起菌群失调而导致医院感染,因此必须加强医院感染管理,控制易感因素,减少医院感染发生。

Predisposing factor of nosocomial infection for in-patients with cancer in tumor specialized hospital

Objective To investigate the incidence and related factors of nosocomial infection for in-patients with cancer in tumour specialized hospital.Method The predisposing factors of nosocomial infection in 5 978 in-patients with cancer in 2006 were reviewed and analyzed.Results 234 patients got nosocomial infection and the infection rate was 3.91%.The infection rate of male was higher than that of female,and with significant difference.The infection was highly related to age,stage of tumor,anti-tumour treatment and aggressive conduct.The risk factors of nosocomial infection were aleucocytosis,application of antibiotic and immune depressant etc.Nosocomial infection also affected prognosis of cancer,with longer hospital stay and higher death rate.Respiratory infection was the main infection and counted for 48.72%.Monilia ranked the first in pathogenic bacteria,and the ratio between bacillus and coccobacteria showed obvious disorder.Conclusion Mostly cancer patients treating with operation,radiotherapy and chemotherapy,and have decline in body resistibility.Using of a large amount of antibiotics causes the microorganism disorder in patient body,and leads to nosocomial infection.We must emphasize nosocomial infection management,control the predisposing factors effectively,and reduce the occurrence of nosocomial infection.