4种大鼠肾草酸钙结石模型的比较

目的筛选简便、快捷、成石效果好的SD大鼠肾草酸钙结石的造模方法。方法分别采用目前普遍使用的2种大鼠肾草酸钙结石的模型复制方法和2种改良的造模方法进行造模，并设立空白对照组，造模结束后采集每组大鼠24h尿量及血清，比较大鼠24h尿量、尿Ca2＋、尿Mg2＋、尿pH、尿草酸（0x）及血尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（cr）、P、Ca2＋、Mg2＋，肾脏病理切片HE染色后光学显微镜下观察和比较各组大鼠肾脏病理改变及草酸钙结晶的沉积情况。结果E组1％乙二醇＋2％氯化铵＋10％葡萄糖（48d）]在光学显微镜下草酸钙结晶沉积较传统组C组明显增多（P〈0．05），但有30％大鼠死亡，血肌酐在5组大鼠中最高。D组1％乙二醇＋2％氯化铵＋10％葡萄糖（28d）]较传统组C组草酸钙结晶沉积明显增多（P〈0．05），并且造模时间短，大鼠存活率高（80％），E组与D组相比结晶形成量无统计学意义（P〉0．05），B组1％乙二醇（28d）3肾脏中无肾结晶形成，仅有轻微的肾脏病理学改变，大鼠无死亡，肌酐不高。空白对照组无结晶形成，无病理改变。结论用1％乙二醇＋2％氯化铵＋10％葡萄糖诱导28天复制肾草酸钙结石模型的效果好，并且花费时间短，大鼠存活率高，建议选用。

Comparison of four renal calcium oxalate calculus rat models

Objective To select a simple, fast and satisfactory model of renal calcium oxalate calculus in SD rats. Meth- ods 50 male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups： group A （control group） ; group B （1% ethylene glycol） ; group C （1% ethylene glycol＋ 2 mL 2 % ammonia chloride） ; group D （1% ethylene glycol＋ 2 mL 2 % ammonia chloride＋ 10 % glucose for 28 days）; group E （1% ethylene glycol ＋ 2 mL 2% ammonia chloride ＋ 10% glucose for 48 days）. After the modeling, the levels of serum urea, creatinine, P, Ca2＋ and Mg2＋ , 24 h urine volume, urine pH, Ca2＋ , Mg2＋ and oxalate were detected and compared. Kidney sections were examined under a light microscope to study the calcium oxalate crystal deposition and pathological changes. Results Calcium oxalate crystallization conditions in group E were more remarkable than in the other groups, but 30% rats died, and serum creatinine increased the most significantly. The formation of renal crystals in group D was more obvious than in group B and C （P〈O. 05）. It took a shorter time to establish the model and 20% rats died. In group B, no crystals were formed, only minor changes occurred in renal pathology, no rats died. In group A, no crystals were formed and no pathological changes occurred. Conclusions It was recommended that combination of 1% glycol, 2% ammonium chloride and 10% glucose for 28 days was effective to establish the rat model of renal calcium oxalate calculus, which took less time with high survival rate of rats.