Distribution of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coreceptors CXCR4 and CCR5 on Leukocytes of Persons with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection and Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Implications for Pathogenesis

Expression of CXCR4 was significantly reduced from normal on all cell subsets of persons with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB group), with HIV-1 infection (HIV group), and those with both infections (HIV/TB group), except for on monocytes in the HIV group. The reductions were most notable in the two TB groups. Interestingly, the duration of antituberculosis treatment was significantly negatively correlated with the expression of CXCR4 on CD4⁺ and CD8⁺CD45RO⁺ cells, monocytes and NK cells, viral load, and proportions of CD38-expressing CD8⁺ lymphocytes, in HIV/TB patients. By contrast, CCR5 expression on most cell subsets analyzed was increased in all the disease groups, except for on monocytes in the two TB groups. There was no change in CCR5 expression on CD4⁺ cells when based on the disease groupings. However, higher proportions of CD4⁺CD45RA⁺ and CD8⁺ lymphocytes as well as B cells expressing CCR5 correlated with advancing HIV-1 disease, as did decreased proportions of CXCR4-expressing CD4⁺CD45RA⁺ cells.