锑短期暴露对大鼠健康效应的影响

目的 针对饮水中短期暴露锑所致健康风险开展动物实验研究。方法 选择健康SD大鼠60只（雌雄各半）随机分为6组，实验组大鼠经口给予酒石酸锑钾，锑浓度分别为0.06、0.35、0.6、6和60 mg/kg，阴性对照为超纯水，连续灌胃14 d。染毒期间，每周称量大鼠体重，于染毒后d14腹主动脉取血检测血生化指标，处死大鼠后取肝、肾、脾、胸腺、甲状腺称重并进行病理学检查。结果 最高剂量组（60 mg/kg）与阴性对照组相比，雄性大鼠体重明显降低(P＜0.05)、肝脏体比升高(P＜0.01)、血清总胆固醇（TC）浓度降低 (P＜0.01)；雄性大鼠碱性磷酸酶（ALP）随染毒剂量增加浓度逐渐上升，在0.6 mg/kg组中达到最高值(P＜0.05)，随后ALP浓度逐渐减低，在最高剂量组（60 mg/kg）出现显著性降低(P＜0.01)；0.6 mg/kg组葡萄糖（GLU）浓度降低 (P＜0.05)；雄性大鼠血清T4浓度自6 mg/kg组开始逐渐降低(P＜0.05)；雌性大鼠血清FT4浓度从6 mg/kg组开始逐渐升高(P＜0.05)，而FT3的浓度逐渐降低 (P＜0.05)；雄性血清FT3浓度、雌性血清T4浓度则仅在0.6 mg/kg组下降（P＜0.05）。结论 锑短期经口暴露能够显著引起大鼠代谢功能异常。

Study on health effect of antimony by short-term exposure in rats

Objective To detect the health risks caused by the short-term exposure of antimony orally in rats. Methods Sixty healthy Sprague-Dawley rats(male and female) were randomly divided into 6 groups. The negative control group was administrated with ultrapure water. Rats in the experimental group were given orally antimony potassium tartrate every day, the concentration of antimony were 0.06, 0.35, 0.6, 6 and 60 mg/kg respectively. Rats were weighed weekly and sacrificed on the 14th day after exposure. Blood samples were taken from the abdominal aorta to detect blood biochemical indexes. The liver, kidney, spleen, thymus and thyroid glands were weighed and examined for pathology. Results Compared with the group of negative control, the body weight of male rats in the high-dose group (60 mg/kg) was lower significantly (P<0.05), the liver-to-body ratio was elevated (P<0.01) and the serum total cholesterol (TC) concentration was decreased (P<0.01). There were significant differences(P<0.05) between negative control and the group of 0.6 mg/kg in alkaline phosphatase(ALP), total protein(TP) and glucose (GLU). In the group of 6 and 60 mg/kg treatment, the concentration of serum T4 was decreased in the male rats (P<0.05), and the concentration of serum FT4 was increased(P<0.05) while the FT3 was decreased(P<0.05) in the female rats. Compared with the group of negative control and 0.6 mg/kg, the concentration of serum FT4 was decreased (P<0.05) in the male and the FT3 was decreased (P<0.05) in the female. Other indicators were normal. Conclusion Antimony can cause metabolic changes by short-term oral exposure.