广州市5 597例出生缺陷资料分析

目的 了解广州市出生缺陷发生情况,为制定降低出生缺陷有效干预措施提供依据.方法 对2001年～2006年广州市出生缺陷监测医院分娩的5 597例出生缺陷资料进行分析.结果 6年出生缺陷平均发生率为21.46‰,总体呈上升趋势.出生缺陷产前诊断率为29.98%.前五位出生缺陷顺位依次为:先天性心脏病、总唇腭裂、多指(趾)、神经管畸形、外耳畸形.出生缺陷的发生率有以下特点:男性高于女性、乡村高于城镇,孕妇年龄＞35岁以及双(多)胎妊娠发生率高.结论 广州市出生缺陷发生率偏高,产前诊断率较低,应加强以提高产前诊断水平为重点的一、二级干预措施.

An analysis of 5 597 cases of birth defects in Guangzhou city

Objective To investigate prevalence of birth defects in Guangzhou city so as to provide a scientific foundation for working out interventions to reduce the prevalence of birth defects. Methods The clinical data of 5 597 neonates with birth defects born in those defects monitoring hospitals in Guangzhou city from 2001 to 2006 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The average incidence of birth defects during the six years was 21.46% , and generally, the incidence in each year appeared an ascending trend. The prenatal diagnosis rate of birth defect was 29.98%. The first five birth defects were congenital heart disease, total cheiloschisis/palatoschisis, polydactylia, neural tube deformity, deformity of external ear in order. The characteristics of birth defects shown that the male neonates had higher incidence of birth defect than the female neonates, the incidence of birth defects in the rural areas was higher than that in the urban areas and the neonates born by the women aged over 35 years old or twin pregnant and multiple pregnant women appeared to have higher incidence of birth defect than the others. Conclusion The incidence of birth defects is relatively higher and the prenatal diagnosis rate of birth defects is lower in Guangzhou city as compared with other cities. We recommend that the first and the second level interventions should be strengthened, of which prenatal diagnosis rate of birth defects should be improved emphatically.