马鞍山市金家庄社区居民慢性病危险因素认知与行为现状研究

目的: 了解安徽省马鞍山市金家庄社区居民的慢性病危险因素认知与行为的现状,为针对性地开展社区居民的慢性病健康教育提供科学的依据.方法: 采用分层整群抽样的方法,对4 676名马鞍山市金家庄社区18岁以上居民进行问卷调查,内容主要包括居民慢性病危险因素认知与行为现状.结果: 居民高血压危险因素知晓率为38.37%,高血压患者危险因素知晓率明显高于非高血压人群(P<0.01);居民糖尿病危险因素知晓率为33.00%,糖尿病患者危险因素知晓率高于非糖尿病人群(P<0.05);居民脑卒中危险因素知晓率为38.54%,脑卒中患者与非脑卒中人群危险因素知晓率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).3种慢性病患者的吸烟率普遍较高,分别为72.34%、73.21%和73.24%;高血压患者饮酒率和主动锻炼率分别为12.40%和20.57%;肥胖率和健康教育率在高血压和糖尿病患者中较高,肥胖率分别为43.19%与41.52%,健康教育率分别为59.26%和58.04%.结论: 慢性病患者中普遍存在吸烟、过量饮酒、肥胖、缺乏主动锻炼等危险因素.社区居民对慢性病危险因素的认知不足,需通过有针对性的慢性病防治知识健康教育,提高居民的认知水平,建立健康的生活方式.

Survey on awareness of risk factors for chronic diseases and current behavior among residents in Jinjiazhuang community Maanshan city

Objective: To investigate the awareness of the risk factors for chronic diseases and the current behavior of the residents in Jinjiazhuang community,Maanshan city so as to provide scientific evidence for the prevention of chronic diseases.Methods: Four thousand six hundred and seventy six residents aged over 18 were enrolled by stratified sampling.Each resident was scheduled to complete a questionnaire regarding to knowledge about the risk factors for chronic diseases and their current behavior.Results: The residents' overall awareness of the risk factors for hypertension was 38.37%,and the residents with hypertension had a higher awareness than the non-hypertensive population(P<0.05).The residents' awareness of the risk factors for diabetes was 33.00%,and the residents with diabetes were more conscious of the risk factors than the non-diabetic population(P<0.05).The residents' awareness of the risk factors for stroke was 38.54%;the stroke patients and the non-stroke population had no statistically significant difference in knowledge about the risk factors(P>0.05).Residents with hypertension,diabetes and stroke had a high smoking rate,which was 72.34%,73.21% and 73.24%,respectively.The drinking rate and active- exercise rate in patients with hypertension were 12.40% and 20.57%,respectively.The rates of obesity and health education in patients with hypertension and diabetes were 43.19% and 41.52%,respectively.Conclusions: Behavioral risk factors such as smoking,over-drinking,obesity and lack of active exercises are widely existent in residents with chronic disease in Jinjiazhuang District.The residents' knowledge about the risk factors for chronic disease is insufficient,so it is necessary to provide health education about prevention and treatment of the chronic diseases to them to improve their awareness and health behavior.