膝关节后交叉韧带前外侧束和后内侧束止点的解剖学研究

目的 探讨国人后交叉韧带的分束情况,对前外侧束和后内侧束的止点进行观测,掌握更为详细的解剖学资料,为临床双束重建后交叉韧带提供解剖学基础。 方法 30例膝关节标本,将后交叉韧带分为前外侧束和后内侧束,对双束股骨及胫骨端止点进行标记和解剖学观测。 结果 后交叉韧带的双束股骨止点中点至股骨内髁关节软骨前缘的距离分别为(8.52±1.81)mm和(11.63±1.81)mm,至股骨髁间窝顶的垂直距离分别为(4.67±0.55)mm和(10.32±1.23)mm;胫骨止点中点至胫骨关节面的垂直距离分别为(8.43±1.21)mm和(14.52±2.31)mm,至胫骨内侧软骨边缘的距离分别为(47.44±6.23)mm和(45.95±6.32)mm。双束股骨附丽区面积分别为(107.12±15.25)mm²和(65.35±10.27)mm²;胫骨附丽区面积分别为(50.07±11.33)mm²和(51.08±10.22)mm²。 结论 揭示了后交叉韧带双束止点的解剖学特点,为临床应用提供解剖学基础。

Anatomical study of the femoral and tibial insertions of the anterolateral and posteromedial bundles of human posterior cruciate ligament

Objective To provide an anatomic evidence for the double-bundle posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction, the sizes and locations of the attachments of the PCL to the tibia and the femur were measured. Methods We studied 30 cadaveric knees. PCLs were divided into anterolateral and posteromedial bundles to the insertion footprint, and those locations were measured and described. Results The distances from the center of the femoral insertions of the anterolateral and posteromedial bundles to the anterior margin of the medial femoral condyle were (8.52±1.81)mm and (11.63±1.81)mm. The vertical distances from the center of the femoral insertions of the double-bundle to the intercondylar roof were (4.67±0.55)mm and (10.32±1.23) mm. The vertical distances from the tibial insertion of the center of the double-bundle to the plane of the tibial articular surface were (8.43±1.21)mm and (14.52±2.31)mm. The distances from the medial margin of the articular cartilage of the tibial plateau to the center of the tibial insertions of double-bundle were (47.44±6.23)mm and (45.95±6.32)mm. The areas of the insertions of the anterolateral and posteromedial bundles on the femur were (107.12±15.25)mm² and (65.35±10.27)mm². The areas of the insertions of the double-bundle on the tibia were (50.07±11.33)mm² and (51.08±10.22)mm². Conclusion The anatomic characteristic of the attachment of the anterolateral and posteromedial bundles was revealed, providing anatomical bases for surgery.