修复小腿的三种常用皮瓣的主干动脉直径及长度的解剖学研究

目的：评估国人胸脐皮瓣、背阔肌皮瓣及股前外侧皮瓣的主干动脉直径及长度及其在小腿修复中的应用价值。方法：采用成年尸体下肢标本30侧，解剖并观测胫前动脉、胫后动脉的直径，观测肩胛下动脉、胸背动脉、旋肩胛动脉、腹壁下动脉、旋股外侧动脉降支的直径及长度。结果：修复小腿的三种常用皮瓣的主干动脉与胫前、胫后动脉的直径基本匹配，但主干动脉长度相差较大，从高到低分别为股前外侧皮瓣（92．7±25．3）mm、背阔肌皮瓣（88．4±20．8）mm、胸脐皮瓣（75．8±17．0）mm。结论：采用游离皮瓣移植修复小腿软组织缺损时，注意不同皮瓣的主干动脉直径及长度有助于吻合成功。

Anatomical Study on the Length and Diameter of Major Arteries of Three Popular Free Flaps in Leg Reconstruction

Objective ：To evaluate significance of the diameter and length of the major arteries of thoraeoumbilical flap, lattissimus dorsi flap, and lateral anterior thigh flap in reconstruction of legs. Methods： Thirty sides of Chinese adult cadavers were dissected. The observed parameters included the diameters of the anterior and posterior tibial arteries, the diameters and lengths of subscapular artery, thoracodorsal artery, circumflex scapular artery, the inferior epigastric artery, and the descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery. Results ：The diameters of the major arteries of these three flaps matched well with the anterior and posterior tibial arteries. However, the lengths of major arteries were significantly different in lateral anterior thigh flap （92. 7mm）, lattissimus dorsi flap （88.4mm） and thoracoumbilical flap （75.8mm） in degradation. Conclusions： During the harvest of three free flaps for leg reconstruction, the diameters and pedicle lengths of the major arteries are worthy of full consideration for the success of anastomosis.