Placental Impact of Dietary Supplements: More Than Micronutrients |
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| Authors: | Aisha Rasool Fernanda Alvarado-Flores Perrie O'Tierney-Ginn |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Colleges of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA;2. Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, and the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, Colleges of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA;1. Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;2. Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China;2. Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, China;3. Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Phase I Clinical Research and Quality Consistency Evaluation for Drugs, Shanghai, China;4. Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co Ltd, Lianyungang, China;1. University of Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago IL, 60637, USA;2. University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, 3811 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA |
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| Abstract: | PurposeMaternal nutrition is a key modifier of fetal growth and development. However, many maternal diets in the United States do not meet nutritional recommendations. Dietary supplementation is therefore necessary to meet nutritional goals. The effects of many supplements on placental development and function are poorly understood. In this review, we address the therapeutic potential of maternal dietary supplementation on placental development and function in both healthy and complicated pregnancies.MethodsThis is a narrative review of original research articles published between February 1970 and July 2020 on dietary supplements consumed during pregnancy and placental outcomes (including nutrient uptake, metabolism and delivery, as well as growth and efficiency). Impacts of placental changes on fetal outcomes were also reviewed. Both human and animal studies were included.FindingsWe found evidence of a potential therapeutic benefit of several supplements on maternal and fetal outcomes via their placental impacts. Our review supports a role for probiotics as a placental therapeutic, with effects that include improved inflammation and lipid metabolism, which may prevent preterm birth and poor placental efficiency. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids (as found in fish oil) during pregnancy tempers the negative effects of maternal obesity but may have little placental impact in healthy lean women. The beneficial effects of choline supplementation on maternal health and fetal growth are largely attributable to its placental impacts. l-arginine supplementation has a potent provascularization effect on the placenta, which may underlie its fetal growth–promoting properties.ImplicationsThe placenta is exquisitely sensitive to dietary supplements. Pregnant women should consult their health care practitioner before continuing or initiating use of a dietary supplement. Because little is known about impacts of many supplements on placental and long-term offspring health, more research is required before robust clinical recommendations can be made. |
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| Keywords: | dietary supplement growth nutrients placenta |
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