上肢软组织缺损的皮瓣修复

目的 探讨应用皮瓣修复上肢软组织缺损的临床效果。方法总结1995年～2004年应用于上肢软组织修复的2512例患者、2609个皮瓣。其中应用传统皮瓣修复1992例(2089个皮瓣)，带蒂轴型皮瓣、肌皮瓣474例(474个)，游离皮瓣46例(46个)。就其手术疗效、各类皮瓣的优缺点和适应证进行分析。结果患者经1个月～9年随访，平均2．7个月。皮瓣完全成活2531个，占皮瓣总数的97．01％；完全坏死10个，占皮瓣总数的0．38％；部分坏死68个，占皮瓣总数的2．61％。传统皮瓣(2089个)术后有46个(2．2％)出现部分坏死；687个(32．9％)术后需行皮瓣去脂或整形。带蒂轴型皮瓣(474个)中有28个(5．9％)出现完全或部分坏死；82个(17．3％)术后需行整形或去脂。游离皮瓣(46个)中有4个(8．7％)出现完全或部分坏死，股前外侧皮瓣多数需行去脂术。结论传统皮瓣手术操作简便、成功率最高，但皮瓣质地差，需多次手术。带蒂皮瓣质地好、血管蒂恒定、移动范围广及手术操作相对简便，可行复合组织移植，但皮瓣成活率低于传统皮瓣，特别是逆行皮瓣的静脉回流是制约皮瓣成活的主要因素。游离皮瓣供区隐蔽，皮瓣质地好，外形与功能易于同时修复，但手术操作复杂，限制其应用。带血管蒂皮瓣是上肢组织缺损修复与功能重建的最佳方法。

CLINICAL EXPERIENCE OF FLAP APPLIANCE IN SOFT TISSUE DEFECTS OF UPPER EXTREMITY

Objective To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of flaps in the repairment of soft tissue defects in upper extremity. Methods Based on the (2 609) cases of flaps in (2 512) patients from 1995 to 2004, the advantages and disadvantages of different sort of flaps, outcomes of treatment and indications of different soft of flaps were analyzed retrospectively. In the series, 2 089 pieces of the traditional flaps of different sorts were applied in (1 992) patients, 474 pieces of the axial flaps of different sorts were applied in 474 patients, different sorts of free flaps were used in 46 patients. Results Follow-ups were done for 1 month to 9 years (2.7 months in average). (2 531) flaps survived (97.01%); complete necrosis occurred in 10 flaps(0.38%); partial necrosis occurred in 68 flaps(2.61%). Of the (2 089) traditional flaps, 46 had partial necrosis(2.2%); 687 needed flap revisions(32.9%). Of the 474 axial flaps, 28 had complete or partial necrosis(5.9%); 82 needed revisions(17.3%). Of the 46 free flaps, 4 had complete or partial necrosis(8.7%) and nearly all the anterolateral flpas of thighs needed revisions.Conclusion Traditional flaps had the advantages of easy manipulation and the highest survival rate, however, also had the disadvantages of poor texture and many times of operations. The flap with a pedicle had the advantage of good texture, consistent artery, free-range arc, however, the venous congestion was its disadvantage, which impaired the survival of the reverse flap. Free flap had the advantage of good texture and abandant donor site, but complicate manipulation was its shortage. Axial Flap with a pedicle is the optional choice for repairing soft tissue defects in upper extremity.