Myelophil attenuates brain oxidative damage by modulating the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in a chronic cold-stress mouse model |
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Authors: | Hyeong-Geug Kim Jin-Seok Lee Jong-Min Han Jong-Seok Lee Min-Kyung Choi Seung-Wan Son Yong-Kyung Kim Chang-Gue Son |
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Institution: | 1. Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Oriental Medical College of Daejeon University, 22-5 Daehung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-724, Republic of Korea;2. Gyeonggi Biocenter, Gyeonggi Institute of Science & Technology Promotion (GSTEP), Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-270, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-703, Republic of Korea;4. Laboratory of Endocrine Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 640 Daesa-dong, Daejeon 301-721, Republic of Korea |
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Abstract: | Ethnopharmacological relevanceMyelophil is composed of Astragali Radix and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, according to the long traditional pharmacological practices, and it has been used for patients with chronic fatigue-associated symptoms including concentration problem or memory loss.Aim of the studyThis study aimed to evaluate the clinical relevance of Myelophil on brain oxidative damage using a chronic cold stress mice model.Material and methodsBalb/c mice were subjected to cold stress (4 °C for 4 h) six times per week for 2 weeks with or without oral administration of Myelophil (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg), or ascorbic acid (50 mg/kg).ResultsChronic cold stress induced histopathological hippocampal apoptosis with drastically increased serum levels of total reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide, as well as brain lipid peroxidation levels, protein carbonyl, and caspase-3/7 activity. These alterations were significantly ameliorated by Myelophil treatment. Myelophil administration significantly recovered the depleted glutathione and its enzymes, superoxide dismutase activity, and catalase protein and gene expression levels. Serum levels of corticosterone, dopamine, and adrenaline were notably altered by chronic cold stress but were significantly ameliorated by Myelophil treatment. Myelophil also normalized alterations in tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-10 gene expression and protein levels. Chronic cold stress up-regulated gene expression levels of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase and monoamine oxidase-B, and glucocorticoid receptors in the hypothalamus and hippocampus, respectively, whereas Myelophil treatment completely normalized these levels.ConclusionsThese results suggest that Myelophil has potent pharmaceutical effects against chronic cold-stress-induced brain damage by relieving oxidative stress and inflammation and regulating stress hormones in mice. |
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Keywords: | Oxidative stress Brain damage Myelophil Chronic cold stress |
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