钓鱼致高压电烧伤的临床和流行病学分析

目的：探讨钓鱼致高压电烧伤的临床及流行病学特点，为治疗和预防提供依据。方法：对1994年1月-2005年12月安徽医科大学第一附属医院收治的因钓鱼导致的高压电烧伤患者的临床特征、治疗情况和受伤原因进行回顾性分析。结果：钓鱼致高压电烧伤近年来发病率逐年升高，以男性中青年为主，5月和10月发生率最高，59．5％的患者烧伤总面积小于10％，平均Ⅲ度烧伤面积（7．5±12．1）％，最常见的烧伤部位是上肢，手和足分别是电烧伤的出入口，14例患者接受了截肢或截指手术，平均住院时间29．0d，并发急性肾功能衰竭3例，并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征2例，并发烧伤脓毒症2例，死亡1例。结论：钓鱼致高压电烧伤以高压电接触烧伤为主，创面深，入口的深部组织破坏严重，致残率高，治疗周期长，并发症多。积极的综合性预防措施可以有效地减少此类烧伤的发生。

Clinical and epidemiologicai analysis of high-voltage electrical burns due to fishing

Objective： To investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of high-voltage electrical burns due to fishing and provide data towards treatment and prevention. Methods： A retrospective survey was made on the patients who sustained high-voltage electrical burns due to fishing and was admitted to our hospital from January 1994 to December 2005 to evaluate the clinical characteristics, the management and the cause of burn. Results： The incidence of high-voltage electrical burns by fishing increased year by year. The majority of patients were young and middle-aged men. May and October were times of highest incidence. 59.5 % of patients were burned with less than 10 percent. The mean percentage of full-thickness burn was 7.5±12.1 percent. The commonest areas of the body to be injured were upper limbs. The hand was the electricity ＂entry＂ point and foot was the ＂exit＂ point. Fourteen patients underwent the amputation of the fingers or forearm. The mean time in hospital of the survivors was 29.0 days. The commonest complication was acute renal failure （3 patients）, followed by acute respiratory distress syndrome （ARDS） （2 patients） and sepsis （2 patient）. One patient died. Conclusion： The predominant injury of high-voltage electrical burns by fishing is the true electrical contact burn. Most wounds are deep burns with severe underlying tissue damage at the entrance. The disability rate is high and the treatment is long with a high morbidity. Active all-round caution and preventive measures can reduce the incidence of this burn effectively.