Comparative Study of Cytokine Content in the Plasma and Wound Exudate from Children with Severe Burns

The content of 27 cytokines was measured in blood plasma from 19 children with severe uncomplicated burns (group 1) and complicated burns (septic toxemia, toxemia, and pneumonia; group 2). Before surgical treatment (day 4 (±2) after burn), significant differences were found in the concentrations of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, MCP-1, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Cytokine concentration in group 2 patients was much higher than in group 1 patients and healthy children. The concentrations of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and MCP-1 in group 1 patients significantly surpassed the normal level. Cytokine concentration in the plasma and wound exudates and myeloperoxidase activity in wound exudates from 4 patients of group 2 were measured over 18 days after burn. The inflammatory response was characterized by an increase in the content of interleukin-1β, interleukin-8, MCP-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, MIP-1α, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the wound (as compared to that in the plasma). Activity of myeloperoxidase in all patients was shown to correlate with the amount of MIP-1α (r=0.47), tumor necrosis factor-α (r=0.47), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (r=0.55, p<0.05). Interleukin-8 concentration was beyond the limits of calibration. No correlation was found between the concentration of any of 27 cytokines in blood plasma and exudate. Our results indicate that during active surgical treatment, the wound serves as the source of inflammatory cytokines. Cytokines play a role in the systemic response and increase the degree of local inflammation, which modulates the number and activity of wound neutrophils.