经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术诊疗中患者受照剂量的模拟实验测量

目的通过模拟实验,对进行经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)诊疗患者的受照情况进行全面了解。方法调查3家医院共56例ERCP手术,并记录管电压、管电流、透视时间、摄影帧数,剂量面积乘积(dose-area product,DAP)等信息,根据每例测量的DAP,选择DAP值中最大值、中位值和最小值的3例ERCP手术,以这3例手术分别作为仿真人体模型实验的高剂量组、中剂量组和低剂量组,模拟ERCP介入诊疗手术,利用仿真人体模型,在相应体表位置和预定孔中插入热释光剂量计,通过模拟测量得到器官剂量并计算有效剂量。结果3组的有效剂量分别为2.69、11.52和39.27 mSv。低剂量组与高剂量组间有效剂量相差约14倍。3个组的吸收剂量最大值都集中在照射野范围内的器官。结论ERCP体模实验不同组的受照剂量差距较大,对比其他介入诊疗程序的体模实验,属于高剂量的诊疗类型。建议合理并安全地运用介入诊疗,优化患者的辐射剂量。

Simulated experimental measurement of exposure dose to patients from endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography operation

Objective To estimate the doses to patients from ERCP operation through experimental measurements. Methods A retrospective analysis was made of 56 ERCP operations in three hospitals, and meanwhile, the tube voltage and current, fluoroscopy time, accumulated doses, DAPs (dose-area product) and photographic frames were also recorded for statistical analysis. Three cases of RECP operation that had led to high, medium and low DAP values were selected, respectively, as high, medium and low dose groups based on anthropomorphic phatom (AP). ERCP operation was simulated on AP on the basis of putting TLDs in it. The absorbed doses of organs were measured while effective doses while calculated. Results The effective doses for high, medium and low groups were 2.69, 11.52 and 39.27 mSv, respectively. The effective dose was 14 times higher in high dose group than that in low group. The highest organ doses for three groups were all concentrated in the irradiation fields. Conclusions Organ doses from ERCP phantom experiments vary largely in different groups. Compared with phantom experiments of other interventional types, ERCP can be regarded as one of interventional means leading to high-dose. It is advisable to reasonably and safely use intervention diagnosis and therapy and in order optimize radiation doses to patients.