高度近视眼白内障术后并发视网膜脱离的临床分析

目的：分析高度近视眼行白内障摘除及后房型人工晶状体植入术后并发裂孔源性视网膜脱离的发生率、相关危险因素及临床特点。方法：回顾性分析高度近视眼行白内障摘除及后房型人工晶状体植入术患者146例（232只眼）。裂孔源性视网膜脱离在术后随访的3年时间发生。所有眼均进行了详细的眼科检查，包括：最佳矫正视力、眼底检查、A超眼轴长度测量。结果：15只眼发生裂孔源性视网膜脱离（6．4％），均需行玻璃体视网膜手术进行视网膜复位。从白内障手术到发生视网膜脱离的平均时间为10±9个月（0．5～32个月）。视网膜脱离经手术治疗后视力为手动／10cm～0．06，12只眼（80％）最终视力低于白内障术前。术中后囊膜破裂与术后视网膜脱离的发生显著相关（P〈0．01），60％（9／15）的视网膜脱离患者术中发生了后囊膜破裂。结论：高度近视眼白内障术后并发裂孔源性视网膜脱离的发生率为6．4％，其预后差。术中发生后囊膜破裂患者术后发生视网膜脱离的危险性更高，对术中后囊膜破裂患者需密切随访。

Clinical Analysis for Retinal Detachment after Cataract Surgery in High Myopic Eyes

AIM: To analyze the clinical characteristics, incidence and risk of retinal detachment (RD) after cataract surgery and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in high myopic patients. METHODS: The medical records of 146 high myopic patients (232 eyes) who underwent cataract surgery and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation were studied retrospectively. The development of RD was followed up over a 3-year period, and its characteristics were determined. All of the eyes received a comprehensive ophthalmological examination, including best-corrected visual acuity measurements, a dilated fundus examination and axial length measured by A-scan ultrasonography. RESULTS: RD developed in 15 eyes of 15 patients. All the 15 eyes needed vitreo-retinal surgery. The mean interval between cataract surgery and the development of RD was 10 +/- 9 months (range 0.5-32 months). The visual results of the eyes after anatomical successful vitreo-retinal surgery ranged from finger count/10 cm to 0.06. 80% (12/15) of the eyes had a worse vision after the surgery than that before cataract surgery. Posterior capsular tear were associated significantly with RD (P < 0.01). Approximately 60% (9/15) of retinal detachment was attributable to posterior capsule tear during cataract surgery. CONCLUSION: Incidence of RD in high myopic patients after cataract surgery was 6.4%. RD was the potentially serious complication and tended to develop more frequently in eyes with posterior capsular rupture during cataract surgery. It is crucial to examine retinal status after cataract surgery and to have a close follow-up to prevent retinal complications, especially for patients with posterior capsular disruption.