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Vomiting as a reliable sign of concussion |
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| Authors: | Ledic Darko Sosa Ivan Linic Ines Strenja Cvijanovic Olga Kovacevic Miljenko Desnica Andrej Banicek Ivanka |
| Affiliation: | a Rijeka University Medical Faculty, Rijeka University Hospital and Department of Surgery, Croatia b Rijeka University Medical Faculty, Department of Forensic Medicine and Criminalistics, Croatia c Neurology Clinic, Rijeka University Hospital, Croatia d Rijeka University Medical Faculty, Department of Anatomy, Croatia e Neurosurgery Clinic, Zagreb University Hospital, Croatia f Special Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation Krapinske Toplice, Croatia |
| Abstract: | Concussion is the most common type of traumatic brain injury, with headache being the most frequent symptom of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) (including dizziness, vomiting, nausea, lack of motor coordination or difficulty balancing). Concussion may be caused by a blow to the head, or by acceleration forces without a direct impact. Often, MTBI occurs as the result of a sports injury. Loss of consciousness is always present, unlike vomiting. Therefore, we hypothesize vomiting to be considered as a cardinal sign of concussion. Stimulation of vomiting centres finally triggers vomiting. Professional boxers and mixed martial arts competitions reluctantly agree with stringent rules and protective clothing. We discuss the issue of further protection for those engaged in these and other sports. |
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