犬牙槽骨牵张成骨的生物力学和组织学分析

背景：牙槽骨牵张成骨是解决严重牙槽骨萎缩的重要方法，其成骨过程和生物力学对于以后的种植和修复极为重要，目前一直缺少相关的实验研究。 目的：分析犬牙槽骨牵张成骨的生物力学和组织学特点。 方法：先拔除12只杂种犬双侧下颌前磨牙，牙槽骨修整后，制作萎缩牙槽骨模型。3个月后，植入骨内型牙槽骨牵张器。经过7 d的间歇期，以1 mm/d，1次/d的频率进行牙槽骨垂直向增高。在固定期的1，2和3个月，对牵张后的牙槽骨进行临床、生物力学、放射学和组织学检测。 结果与结论：所有牵张器与周围组织愈合良好。牵张结束时，临床和放射学检查显示：萎缩牙槽骨分别增高 (4.80±0.50) mm和(5.12±0.67) mm。组织学检测发现牵张区骨小梁在固定期的1-3个月成熟，其剪切力逐步提高，固定期3个月时和自体骨的剪切力相当。结果显示牙槽骨牵张成骨的组织学和生物力学性能在固定期3个月时与自体骨相当。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程全文链接：

Biomechanical and histological analysis of alveolar distraction osteogenesis in a canine model

BACKGROUND: Alveolar distraction osteogenesis is an important method for treating alveolar bone atrophy, the osteogenesis process and biomechanics play a crucial role in the following implantation and repair. At present, no related experimental studies are found. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the biomechanical and histological characteristics of alveolar distraction osteogenesis in a canine model. METHODS: Twelve adult mongrel canines received premolars extraction and alveoloplasty in mandible to establish an atrophy alveolar model. After 3 months, a segmental alveolar osteotomy was performed in the randomly selected unilateral atrophy alveolar and two intra-osseous distractors were placed. After a 7-days latency period, the alveolar ridge was augmented at a rate of 1.0 mm/d for 5 days. After a consolidation of 1, 2,  and 3 months, the canines were sacrificed and the specimens of the distracted alveolar bone were harvested for clinical, radiographic, histological and biomechanical analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The alveolar distractors obtained good healing with surrounding tissue. The atrophy alveolar bones were augmented for (4.80±0.50) mm and (5.12±0.47) mm by clinical and radiographic findings immediately after distraction, respectively. The bone trabeculae in the distracted chamber matured from 1 to 3 months of consolidation by histological analysis. The shearing force of alveolar distraction chamber increased from 1 to 3 months. After 3 months’ consolidation, the shearing force of distracted chamber was comparable to host bone. The histological and biomechanical property of distracted alveolar chamber is comparable to host bone after 3 months’ consolidation.