粤北地区慢性荨麻疹和慢性湿疹变应原皮肤点刺试验结果分析

目的 分析粤北地区慢性荨麻疹和慢性湿疹变应原皮肤点刺试验结果。方法 采用变应原皮肤点刺试验对我科门诊866例慢性过敏性皮肤病患者（慢性荨麻疹675例和慢性湿疹191例）进行30种标准变应原（吸入组14种，食物组16种）检测，设0.1%组胺为阳性对照液，生理盐水为阴性对照液，分析各组变应原分布特点以及不同性别阳性率。结果 在慢性荨麻疹患者中，吸入组变应原阳性率最高的前5位为屋尘螨（81.33%）、秋季花粉（81.19%）、夏季花粉（78.67%）、蚕丝（77.93%）、冬季花粉（75.26%）；在慢性湿疹患者中，屋尘螨的阳性率最高（74.35%），其次是蚕丝（72.25%）、秋季花粉（69.11%）、冬季花粉（67.02%）、兽羽毛（65.45%）；男性慢性荨麻疹患者兽羽毛、秋季花粉、狗毛的阳性率高于女性（P ＜0.05），慢性荨麻疹和慢性湿疹患者的食物组变应原阳性率排名前5位相同，依次为黄豆、墨鱼、虾、塘鱼、鱿鱼（P ＜0.05）。结论 屋尘螨、花粉、蚕丝、黄豆、墨鱼、虾是粤北地区慢性过敏性皮肤病患者的主要变应原。

Analysis of Allergen Skin Prick Test Results of Chronic Urticaria and Chronic Eczema in Northern Guangdong

Objective To analyze the allergen skin prick test results of chronic urticaria and chronic eczema in northernGuangdong. Methods Allergen skin prick test was used to detect 30 kinds of standard allergens ( 14 kinds in inhalationgroup and 16 kinds in food group ) in 866 patients with chronic allergic skin diseases (675 cases of chronic urticariaand 191 cases of chronic eczema). 0.1% histamine was used as positive control solution and normal saline was used asnegative control solution. The distribution characteristics of allergens in each group and the positive rate of differentgenders were analyzed. Results Among the patients with chronic urticaria, the top five allergen positive rates in theinhalation group were house dust mite (81.33%), autumn pollen (81.19%), summer pollen (78.67%), silk (77.93%), andwinter pollen (75.26%). Among the patients with chronic eczema, the positive rate of house dust mite was the highest(74.35%), followed by silk (72.25%), autumn pollen (69.11%), winter pollen (67.02%), and animal feathers (65.45%).The positive rate of animal feathers, autumn pollen and dog hair in male patients with chronic urticaria was higherthan that in female patients (P <0.05). The positive rate of allergen in the food group of patients with chronic urticariaand chronic eczema was the same in the top five places, followed by soybean, cuttlefish, shrimp, pond fish and squid(P <0.05). Conclusion House dust mites, pollen, silk, soybean, cuttlefish and shrimp are the main allergens of patientswith chronic allergic dermatosis in northern Guangdong.