鹿茸再生及其蛋白质组学研究进展

背景：鹿茸是目前已知的惟一可以周期性再生的哺乳动物器官。这是一种来源于角柄骨膜并基于干细胞的再生过程。鹿茸又以角柄骨膜致敏区的干细胞作为再生基础，鹿茸及角柄骨膜中的蛋白质组，对于揭开鹿茸所具有的独特生物学活性以及再生机制具有重要的意义。目的：综述鹿茸再生和目前鹿茸蛋白质组学研究的两种主要途径与研究现状等。方法：应用计算机在PubMed数据库(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/)与CNKI数据库(http://www.cnki.net/)中进行检索。在PubMed数据库中的检索词为“deer antler，antler regeneration，antler proteome”；在CNKI数据库中的检索词为“鹿茸再生，鹿茸蛋白质组”。将涉及到鹿茸再生组织学与形态学，鹿茸干细胞以及鹿茸蛋白质组学研究相关的文章找出来，内容无关与重复的文章排除掉，最后纳入43条文献进行综述。结果与结论：在PubMed与CNKI数据库中通过初检与筛选共找到了43篇文献。鹿茸是能够周期性再生的，并且通过组织学等相关实验表明这种再生是来源于角柄骨膜干细胞的，而角柄骨膜分为致敏区与休眠区，两者是通过与皮肤接触的紧密程度来划分的。正是致敏区骨膜与其所覆盖皮肤的相互作用才最终促使角柄骨膜干细胞发育成完整的鹿茸组织。同时，鹿茸及角柄骨膜中的蛋白质组在这些过程中起着重要作用。通过还原蛋白质谱的完整情况并进一步通过基因工程等后续手段来研究未知蛋白的功能对于了解鹿茸具有的独特生物学活性与再生作用奠定重要基础，同时对于相关蛋白质在哺乳动物器官再生中所具有的调节作用提供参考。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程全文链接：

Antler regeneration and its proteomics research

BACKGROUND:Deer antlers are the only known mammalian organs that can periodically regenerate, and antler regeneration is known as a stem cell-based process. The stem cells locate in the potentiated region of pedicle periosteum, and form the basis for deer antler regeneration. Study on the proteome in deer antler and pedicle periosteum is of great importance for revealing biological activity and the mechanism underlying deer antler regeneration.OBJECTIVE:To summarize research progress in antler regeneration, as well as the major approaches and the status of antler proteomics research.METHODS:A computer-based online search of PubMed and CNKI databases was performed for acquiring the articles in English and Chinese by using the key words of “deer antler; antler regeneration; antler proteome”. The searched articles are all related with antler regeneration histology and morphology, antler stem cells and proteome studies. Repetitive studies or articles that are unrelated to the search criteria were excluded. A total of 43 papers were included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After preliminary screening in PubMed and CNKI database, 43 articles were finally selected. The literature showed that, based on the histological experiments, deer antlers can periodically regenerate and antler regeneration is a stem cell-based process. The pedicle periosteum is divided into potentiated region and dormant region, which are distinguished by the degree of contacting with the skin. The interactions between potentiated region and its covering skin prompts antler stem cells to develop into a complete antler. And the proteomes in antler and pedicle periosteum play important roles in regulating the regeneration. Getting a complete protein map and using genetic engineering to study the function of unknown proteins can establish significant foundation for understanding unique biological activities and regeneration of deer antler. And it can provide a reference in the regulation effect of related proteins in the regenerative mammalian organs.