脐带间充质干细胞移植可延缓大鼠失神经肌肉的萎缩

背景：周围神经断伤后生长缓慢，失神经支配的肌肉萎缩及运动终板纤维化，导致肢体功能不可逆障碍。脐带间充质干细胞已经广泛应用于多学科研究，但应用于周围神经损伤中延缓大鼠失神经肌肉萎缩鲜有报道。 目的：观察异种异基因脐带间充干细胞移植于大鼠离断坐骨神经断端，延缓失神经肌肉萎缩的效果。 方法：新鲜脐带采集于健康足月产妇，分离鉴定脐带间充质干细胞。制备大鼠坐骨神经SunderlandⅣ度损伤模型，去神经束5 mm，神经外膜修复，5 mm小间隙移植脐带间充质干细胞模型，对照组仅在小间隙内注入同体积生理盐水。测定大鼠坐骨神经功能指数，小腿三头肌湿质量，坐骨神经干潜伏期、动作电位传导速度、波幅，以及骨骼肌纤维横截面积维持率。 结果与结论：造模后4，8及12周，脐带间充质干细胞组大鼠坐骨神经功能指数、右侧小腿三头肌湿质量及骨骼肌纤维横截面积维持率均显著高于对照组(P < 0.05)。造模后12周肌电图显示，脐带间充质干细胞组大鼠坐骨神经干潜伏期显著低于对照组，动作电位传导速度及波幅显著高于生理盐水对照组(P < 0.001)。提示脐带间充质干细胞移植于大鼠离断的坐骨神经断端，可促进神经生长，延缓失神经肌肉萎缩，维持失神经肌肉形态及功能。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程全文链接：

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells transplantation delays denervated muscle atrophy in rats

BACKGROUND:Slow growth of peripheral nerve, muscle denervation atrophy and fossilization of motor end plate following sciatic nerve injury cause irreversible limb function disorders. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells have been widely used in multi-disciplinary research, but studies concerning umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells delaying denervated muscle atrophy in rats following peripheral nerve injury are rarely reported. OBJECTIVE:To observe the value of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells transplantation to delay denervated muscle atrophy of rats after sciatic nerve injury. METHODS:Umbilical cord blood was collected from healthy parturient woman after full-term delivery. In the experimental group, the rat’s Sunderland IV degree sciatic nerve injury model was established by 5 mm denervation, epineurial repair, and 5 mm small gap transplantation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. In the control group, after modeling, the same volume of normal saline was injected into the small gap. The main outcome measures included the sciatic nerve function index, the wet weight of triceps surae,sciatic nerve latency,  action potential conduction velocity and amplitude,and skeletal muscle fiber cross section area maintenance rate. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 4, 8 and 12 weeks of modeling, the sciatic nerve function index values, the wet weight of triceps surae and skeletal muscle fiber cross section area maintenance rates in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After 12 weeks of modeling, electromyography results showed sciatic nerve latency was significantly lower, but action potential conduction velocity and amplitude were dramatically higher in the experimental group than the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.001). Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in denervated muscle atrophy rats after sciatic nerve promotes nerve growth, delays denervated muscle atrophy, maintains the denervatied neuromusle’s morphology and function.