Trends in hospitalization for empyema in Alaska Native children younger than 10 years of age

We analyzed hospitalizations for empyema among Alaska Native (AN) children and the general population of US children <10 years of age during the years 1998 to 2007. We also analyzed invasive pneumococcal disease in AN children. Between 1998 and 2000, the average annual hospitalization rate for empyema was higher for AN children (51.8 per 100,000/yr) than that for US children (24.2 95% confidence interval: 20.4, 27.9] per 100,000/yr), and had increased in 2004-2007 in both populations (59.6 and 36.0 95% confidence interval: 30.1, 41.8], respectively). Pneumococcal empyema increased in AN children despite a decrease in invasive pneumococcal disease pneumonia.