急性中毒患者2295例临床分析

目的了解急性中毒患者的临床特点和发病规律，探讨中毒防治的对策和措施。方法回顾性分析2006年1月-2008年12月本院收治的2295例急性中毒患者临床资料。结果2295例患者男女性别比为1.4：1.0，占同期急诊患者5.6％，平均年龄42.5岁，35-60岁占53.20％，中毒种类为蛇毒（55.0％）、酒精中毒（12.2％）、农药中毒（10.5％）等；最常见的中毒途径是经皮肤接触（含蛇伤）占62.8％；前3位职业为农民（66.5％）、学生（11.7％）、工人（9.5％）。中毒发生率以7-9月份最高。中毒原因以蛇毒（55.0％）为第1位，其次为自杀（19.0％）；治愈率为94.6％，死亡率为0.9％。结论了解急性中毒的临床特点和发病规律，采取有效的干预和预防措施可减少急性中毒的发生，建立急性中毒监测体系，提高中毒诊断救治水平。

Clinical Analysis of Acute Poisoning of 2 295 Cases

Objective To understand the clinical characteristics and nosogenic rule of acute poisoning, explore its causes and provide preventive measures. Methods To analyse the current status of acute poisoning by epidemiology, 2295 eases in the department of emergency of Nanhua hospital from Jan 1,2006 to Dec 30,2008 were retrospectively reviewed. Results There were 2295 patients with acute poisoning, accounting for 5.6% of the aggregated number of e-mergency patients at the same time. The sexual proportion between males and females was 1.4： 1.0,average age was 42.5 years, and the age groups between 35 - 60 years were the high potentials. Main poisons were snake bite （55.0%）, alcohol （12.2%） and pesticide （10.5%）. Amongst the samples, skin hapt （62.8%） was the main route of poison. Majority of exposure were peasants （66.5%）,students（11.7%） and workers（9.5%）. Poisoning occurred high in July,Aug,and Sep. 19.0% were committed as suicides. 94.6% of patients recovered. Mortality was 0.9%. Conclusions Acute poisoning remains to be one of the major problems threatening the health of people. Related measures in prevention and administrative control over the poisons and toxic chemicals should be emphasized. To establish monitoring system for acute poisoning and improve the quality of diagnose and treatment of acute poisoning patients are effective.