The effect of workplace smoking bans on heart rate variability and pulse wave velocity of non-smoking hospitality workers |
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Authors: | Sarah Rajkumar Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss Gregory A Wellenius Georg F Bauer Cong Khanh Huynh Alexander Moeller Martin Röösli |
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Institution: | 1. Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051, Basel, Switzerland 2. University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland 3. Institute of Exercise and Health Sciences, Sports Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland 4. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA 5. Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zürich and Center for Organizational and Occupational Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 6. Institute for Work and Health, Lausanne, Switzerland 7. Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Children’s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract: | Objectives To investigate the effect of a change in second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure on heart rate variability (HRV) and pulse wave velocity (PWV), this study utilized a quasi-experimental setting when a smoking ban was introduced. Methods HRV, a quantitative marker of autonomic activity of the nervous system, and PWV, a marker of arterial stiffness, were measured in 55 non-smoking hospitality workers before and 3–12 months after a smoking ban and compared to a control group that did not experience an exposure change. SHS exposure was determined with a nicotine-specific badge and expressed as inhaled cigarette equivalents per day (CE/d). Results PWV and HRV parameters significantly changed in a dose-dependent manner in the intervention group as compared to the control group. A one CE/d decrease was associated with a 2.3 % (95 % CI 0.2–4.4; p = 0.031) higher root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), a 5.7 % (95 % CI 0.9–10.2; p = 0.02) higher high-frequency component and a 0.72 % (95 % CI 0.40–1.05; p < 0.001) lower PWV. Conclusions PWV and HRV significantly improved after introducing smoke-free workplaces indicating a decreased cardiovascular risk. |
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