Macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pyogenes: prevalence,resistance determinants,and emm types |
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Authors: | Athanasios G. Michos Chrysanthi G. Bakoula Maria Braoudaki Foteini I. Koutouzi Eleftheria S. Roma Anastasia Pangalis Georgia Nikolopoulou Elena Kirikou Vassiliki P. Syriopoulou |
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Affiliation: | 1. First Department of Pediatrics, Aghia Sophia Children''s Hospital, Athens University, 11527 Athens, Greece;2. Department of Microbiology, Aghia Sophia Children''s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece |
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Abstract: | To investigate the antimicrobial resistance trends and the distribution of emm types of group A streptococci (GAS), we examined 1160 clinical isolates of GAS collected between 2003 and 2006. Susceptibilities to commonly used antimicrobial agents were determined by Etest, and macrolide resistance genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). GAS isolates were typed by polymerase chain reaction PCR and sequencing of emm gene. The rates of resistance to erythromycin (ERY), clindamycin, azithromycin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol were 14.9%, 1.4%, 14.9%, 18.9%, 0.6%, respectively. None of the isolates exhibited resistance to penicillin, ceftriaxone, linezolid, moxifloxacin, rifampicin, or vancomycin. |
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Keywords: | S. pyogenes Macrolide resistance Efflux Methylation genes emm type |
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