Quinoline alkaloids in honey: Further analytical (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS,multidimensional diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy), theoretical and chemometric studies |
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| Authors: | Giangiacomo Beretta Roberto Artali Enrico Caneva Serena Orlandini Marisanna Centini Roberto Maffei Facino |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences “Pietro Pratesi”, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy;2. CIGA-Centro Interdipartimentale Grandi Apparecchiature, University of Milan, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy;3. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy;4. Centro Interdipartimentale di Scienza e Tecnologia Cosmetiche, University of Siena, Via della Diana 2, 53100 Siena, Italy |
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| Abstract: | The wound-healing properties of honey are well established and it has been suggested that, among its pharmaco-active constituents, kynurenic acid (KA) exerts antinociceptive action on injured tissue by antagonizing NMDA at peripheral GABA receptors. The aim of this study was to investigate the quantitative profile of KA and of two recently identified, structurally related derivatives, 3-pyrrolidinyl-kynurenic acid (3-PKA) and its γ-lactamic derivative (γ-LACT-3-PKA), by examining their mass spectrometric behavior, in honeys from different botanical sources. We used a combination of HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS and NMR techniques (one-dimensional 1H NMR and diffusion-ordered spectroscopy NMR). |
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| Keywords: | KA, kynurenic acid 3-PKA, 3-(2&prime -pyrrolidinyl)-kynurenic acid γ-LACT-3-PKA TPC, total phenol content ARA, antiradical activity IDO, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase GAE, gallic acid equivalent DOSY, dispersion ordered spectroscopy HPLC, high pressure liquid chromatography NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance MS, mass spectrometry SIM, single ion monitoring |
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