空气污染物对出生体重影响的研究

目的研究空气污染物可吸入颗粒物（PM10）、二氧化硫（SO2）、二氧化氮（NO2）对新生儿出生体重的影响。方法收集了广东某地2003—2005年分娩时孕满37周的围产数据。调查的因素包括产妇的年龄、职业、文化、出生地、是否有准生证、孕周、是否有高危因素、末次月经时间、分娩日期、孕次、产次；产妇丈夫的职业、文化；新生儿的性别、出生身高、体重。用2002—2005年的空气污染数据估计暴露水平。结果性别、母亲年龄、母亲职业、母亲原地址、孕期高危情况、孕次、是否有准生证分组，出生体重组间差异有统计学意义；不同孕期PM10、SO2、NO2暴露分组之间出生体重差异有统计学意义。多元线性回归分析显示可吸入颗粒物PM10、SO2、NO2浓度每增加10μg/m^3，出生体重分别减少1．90～3．94g、1．65～2．73g、2．70～3．76g。结论空气污染物与低出生体重有关，空气污染对妊娠结局的影响值得关注。

Study on the Association between Air Pollutants and Birth Weight

Objeetive To study the association between air pollutants, such as particulate matter≤ 10 μm in aerodynamic size （PM10）, sulphur dioxide （SO2 ）, or nitrogen dioxide （ NO2 ）, and birth weight in a district of Guangdong, from 2003 to 2005. Methods Using the air pollution data and birth register data, the levels of exposure to air pollutants during each trimester of pregnancy and birth date of each newborn were estimated. Factors of infant sex, maternal age, maternal education level, occupation, gestational age, parity, gravidity and residence place of mothers were included in the analysis. One - way ANOVA and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. Results There were significant differences in birth weight among infant genders, maternal ages, maternal education levels, occupations, medical risks, parities, or residence places of mothers. Also there were significant differences in birth weight among different exposure levels of nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide or PM10 in different pregnancy trimesters. For a 10 μg/m^3 increase in mean exposure to nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, or PM10 during each trimester, a reduction of 1.90 ～3. 94 g, 1.65 ～2. 73 g, 2. 70 ～3.76 g in birth weight were estimated, respectively. Conclusion This study suggests that exposure to PM10, SO2, NO2 during pregnancy contributes to risk of low birth weight.