一起甲型肝炎暴发调查与控制

目的查明该起暴发疫情原因和传播途径,分析流行因素,评价控制效果。方法对每一例病人进行个案调查,了解病例的三间分布。结果共报告甲肝病例35例,罹患率为1.61%,水源检测细菌总数和大肠菌群超标,发病年龄以8~12岁较多,占51.43%,职业以学生为主,占80%,危险因素调查,饮用学校前井水OR=5.39,2χ=8.09,P0.01。结论此次暴发的传播途径为引用当地已被污染的浅表水井水;及时发现、报告和隔离病人,改善农村生活饮用水、学校统一使用安全卫生的桶装水、开展健康教育和甲肝疫苗接种是控制甲肝暴发的有效措施。

The Epidemiological Survey And Control of a Hepatitis A

Objective To survey the cause and dissemination way of this hepatitis A case,analyzed epidemiological factors and assessed the control effect.Method Every patient was carried out an investigation and studied the epidemical distribution.Results 35 patients of Hepatitis A were reported and the incidence rate was 1.61%,examination of water sources found that total bacteria and E.coli were over the standards.The age of onset ranged from 8 to 12,and accounted for 51.43%.Studies were the majority with the rate of 80%.Drinking the well water in front of the school is the risk factor（OR=5.39,χ2=8.09,P0.01）.Conclusions The dissemination way of Hepatitis A in this place was drinking the polluted well water.The effective measures to control the disease outbreak included that： finding,reporting and isolating the hepatitis patients in time,improving water supply conditions of rural,using healthy and safety bottled water in school,developing health education and vaccinate hepatitis A.