视障大学生心理问题检出情况及其影响因素分析

目的了解视障大学生的心理问题检出情况，反映其心理健康状况。方法本研究以某特教学院在读的58位视障大学生为研究对象．应用SCL-90、社会支持评定量表和应付方式问卷为研究工具。结果视障大学生的SCL-90得分不高于健全大学生；心理问题检出率不高于普通人群；视障大学生客观支持与SCL-90多数因子有非常显著的负相关。视障大学生的主观支持水平与躯体化、焦虑因子有显著负相关。支持利用度与9个因子之间不存在相关。视障大学生应付方式与抑郁、强迫、精神病性、妄想偏执有显著相关，与人际关系、恐怖、焦虑有非常显著的相关。43％的视障大学生能采取较有效的应付方式去处理问题．其人格特征也较稳定。结论学院的心理健康教育工作有助于维持视障大学生的心理健康；友好的人际关系使视障大学生容易获得社会支持；视障大学生的心理特征是影响其心理健康水平的重要因素之一。

The Analysis on the Mental Problem Detection Rate of College Students with Visual Handicap and the Influential Factors

Objective To study the mental problem detection rate of the college students with visual handicap,and show their status of mental health.Methods To make a survey on 58 college students with visual handicap who studied in Special Education College of Beijing Union University by using the SCL-90 scale,the social support questionnaire and coping style questionnaire.Results The result showed that the mental problem detection rate of the college students with visual handicap wasn't higher than the common college students'.Most of the element of SCL-90 was signiflcantly negative correlation with objective support,subjective support was significant correlation with somatization and nervous.The utilization degree of support wasn't correlative with all elements in SCL-90.The coping style of college students with visual handicap was significantly correlative with most of the elements of SCL-90.43% of college students with visual handicap could deal with their problems by effective coping style.Conclusion There are three reasons that support the results.First,the psychological counseling work that had been done in this college is helpful to maintain the psychological health of students with visual handicap.Second,the friendly relationship make students with visual handicap obtain social support easily.Finally,the character of the students with visual handicap is also one of importance factor that affect their mental health.