耳大神经营养血管皮瓣的应用解剖

目的为设计耳大神经营养血管皮瓣提供解剖学依据。方法在36侧经股动脉插管灌注红色乳胶溶液的成人尸体标本上,对耳大神经营养血管的横径、长度及穿深筋膜点的位置进行观测。结果耳大神经营养血管主要来自耳后动脉皮支及枕动脉肌皮支,其浅出点横径分别为0.48±0.16mm及0.55±0.12mm,穿深筋膜后长度18.96±3.15mm及20.14±4.36mm;营养血管呈节段性分布,于神经旁0.4cm范围内形成顺沿耳大神经的纵向链式吻合血管。结论耳大神经营养血管皮瓣的设计具有可行性。

Applied anatomy of cutaneous neurovascular flaps with great auricular nerve

Objective To provide anatomical basis for the clinical application of cutaneous neurovascular flaps with great auricular nerve.Methods The diameter,length and position perforating deep fascia of great auricular nerve and its nutrient vessels were observed on 36 adult cadaver speciments perfused with red latex,and the operation was imitated on cadavers.Results The nutrient vessels of great auricular nerve mainly originated from the cutaneous branchers of posterior auricular artery and occipital artery,and their diamaters were 0.48±0.16 mm and 0.55±0.12 mm respectively,and lengthes after perforating deep fascia were 18.96±3.15 mm and 20.14±4.36 mm,and a longitudinal vascular network was formed by the nutrient vessels above distributed segmentally about 0.4 cm away from great auricular nerve.Conclusion The cutaneous neurovascular flap with great auricular nerve could be used because of plentiful blood supply and constant perorating point of the nutrient vessels.