南京市学龄前儿童语言发展水平的现状研究

目的 通过对南京市学龄前正常儿童语言发展水平现状的研究,了解不同年龄组、不同性别儿童的语言发展水平,以早期发现语言发育落后儿童,使之及时得到干预。方法 应用Gesell发育诊断量表对215名学龄前儿童的语言发展水平进行评估,对语言发育商(DQ)进行百分位法描述性分析。结果 1)学龄前不同年龄组儿童和女童组儿童的语言发育商DQ值呈正态分布,而男童组则呈偏正态分布;2)P₅百分位以下的学龄前儿童所占比例为4.17%~5.88%;3)同年龄组不同性别儿童的语言发育商DQ值之间差异均存在统计学意义(P＜0.001)。结论 南京市学龄前儿童语言发展水平呈正态分布,男童的语言发展稍落后于女童。建议以≤P₂₅(DQ≤90)、≤P₅(DQ≤75)作为学龄前儿童语言发育随访监测和早期语言干预的界值点,使得存在语言发育问题的学龄前儿童得以早期干预和康复。

Research on the status of the language development of preschool children in Nanjing.

Objective To explore the level of language development of preschool normal children in Nanjing. Method The language development levels of 215 preschool children were evaluated by the Gesell developmental diagnosis scale,and the language development quotient (DQ) was analyzed by the method of percentile method. Results 1) The language DQ values of the all children and girls in different age groups were in normal distribution,while the boys group showed skew normal distribution;2)The children under P₅ percent in the pre-school children accounted 4.17%~5.88%;3)There were significant differences in language DQ between different gender in the same age group (P<0.001). Conclusions The language development of preschool children in Nanjing is in a normal distribution,and the language development of the boys is a little behind the girls.DQ less than or equal to P₂₅(DQ≤90) and P₅(DQ≤75)are suggested as a preschool children's language development follow-up monitoring and early language intervention value,so the abnormal language development in preschool children could have early intervention and rehabilitation.