学龄前肥胖儿童的家庭生活行为调查

目的 探讨家庭生活行为方式与儿童肥胖的关系,为预防儿童肥胖的发生提供一定的参考。方法 选取中日友好医院管辖区域内4所幼儿园中的1 246名儿童及其主要照料者为研究对象。采用自制调查问卷进行调查,调查内容包括儿童及主要照料者的身高、体重,主要照料者的日常饮食偏好、运动习惯和睡眠习惯。结果 男童肥胖率为11.78%,女童肥胖率为10.82%。肥胖男童的父母及家中老人的超重和肥胖发生率高于非肥胖男童(χ²=59.22,114.42,34.73,P均＜0.001);肥胖女童的父母的超重和肥胖发生率高于非肥胖女童(χ²=63.61,81.58,P均＜0.001)。肥胖儿童主要照料者的饮食习惯中,喜甘甜、喜咸、喜油腻的比例较高,喜清淡的比例较低;睡眠习惯中,晚睡晚起的比例较高,早睡早起的比例较低;运动习惯中,不运动的比例较高,经常运动的比例较低,与正常体重儿童主要照料者相比,差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05)。结论 家庭主要照料者的生活行为方式对儿童肥胖有重要影响,儿童肥胖要重视家庭生活行为方式的干预。

Investigation on the family living behavior of preschool obese children.

Objective To explore the relationship between family life behavior and childhood obesity,and to provide a reference for the prevention of childhood obesity. Methods A total of 1 246 children and their family caregivers were investigated with the self-made questionnaire,including the height,weight,and the daily dietary preferences,exercise habits and sleep habits of primary caregivers. Results The rate of boys' obesity was 11.78%,and the rate of girls' obesity was 10.82%.The incidence of overweight and obesity in obese boys' parents and the elderly were higher than those in the non-obese boys(χ²=59.22,114.42,34.73,all P<0.001);Incidence of overweight and obesity in obese girls' parents were higher than those in the non-obese girls(χ²=63.61,81.58,all P<0.001).Caregivers' eating habits of obese children had higher proportion in preference for sweet,salty,greasy,and a low proportion of light,a higher proportion of sleep late and get up late and a low proportion of early to bed and early to rise,and a lower proportion of exercises,compared with the caregivers of normal weight children,the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). Conclusion The family primary caregivers' lifestyle behaviors have an important influence on children's obesity,and intervention of childhood obesity should pay more attention to family intervention.