孤独症谱系障碍儿童情绪面孔识别的眼动轨迹

目的 采用眼动技术探索孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)患儿情绪面孔识别的眼动轨迹。方法 选取ASD和典型发育(TD)被试随机呈现QQ糖图片和5种情绪面孔图片,使用眼动仪记录眼动指标,考察ASD组和TD组在不同情绪类型和兴趣区域的眼动轨迹的差异。结果 1)ASD患儿对情绪面孔的注视时间显著低于TD组儿童;2)相比TD组,ASD组更多的观看面孔非核心区,更少的注视嘴巴和眼睛;3)孤独症注视眼睛与行为问题呈正相关,对嘴部的注视与社交能力呈正相关。结论 1)ASD儿童具有与TD儿童相似的眼动模式,但是注视时间更短;2)ASD以注视嘴部作为完成社交相关任务的补偿策略。

The eye movements towards emotional face of the children with autism spectrum disorders.

Object To explore the eye movements track of the emotional faces in children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD) by the movement technique. Methods Totally 14 children with ASD and 14 typical developed(TD) children participated our study.5 areas of interest (AOIs:upper screen,low screen,mouth,eyes and non-core areas of the face) were defined.60 pictures contained 5 types of emotional face(angry,fear,sad,surprise and neural,12 pictures for each type) and picture of soft candy were the probe stimulus.The ability of children with ASD were assessed by Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-2 (GARS-2) and Autism Quotient (AQ).Eye movements were measured by ASL eyetrack6000.Participants were informed to response (press "1") to the soft candy immediately and watch the faces with no response. Results Compared with TD children,children with ASD showed significantly less numbers and durations of fixation on the face.However,both groups tended to spend significantly more time looking at the non-core area,and spent the less time looking at the upper area of the screen.Correlation analysis showed that fixation to eye presented positive correlation with behavior scores of GARS,and the fixation to mouth presented negative correlation with social scores of GARS. Conclusion In the present study,children with ASD showed significantly less fixations on the emotional face with TD,but we cannot find any different of the fixation between eye and mouth.This finding supports that ASD and TD have the similar eye movement patterns but less fixation numbers and fixation time.Also if ASD spends more time looking at mouth,they show greater social ability,and if more time at eye,greater behavior problems.