孤独症谱系障碍患儿养育者育儿自我效能感的现状分析

目的 调查孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)患儿养育者育儿自我效能感(PSE)现状,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法 采用自制一般资料调查表和育儿自我效能感测评工具(TOPSE)对确诊为ASD的患儿养育者进行调查。结果 165名ASD患儿养育者接受调查,其PSE总均分为6.611±1.003,处于中等水平,各维度得分由高至低依次为:学习、自我接纳、共情、情感、玩耍、压力、控制力、自律/规则制定。共情(△R²=0.708,P<0.05)和自律/规则制定(△R²=0.153,P<0.05)自我效能感对PSE影响最大。女性养育者的PSE水平显著高于男性(P<0.05)。城镇患儿养育者的PSE显著高于农村(P<0.05)。养育者的PSE因学历不同存在差异,学历越高,PSE越高(P<0.05)。结论 应根据养育者受教育程度,采取个体化的亲子教育模式,对养育者进行培训,以提高其PSE水平,为ASD患儿的康复训练营造有利的家庭环境。

Analysis of parenting self-efficacy of autistic spectrum disorder children's caregivers.

Objective To investigate the status of parenting self-efficacy(PSE) of autistic spectrum disorder(ASD) children's caregivers and to provide evidence for intervention programs. Method ASD children's caregivers were surveyed by general demographic questionnaire and the tool to measure parental self-efficacy (TOPSE). Results A total of 165 caregivers of children with ASD received the investigation.The empathy (△R²=0.708,P<0.05)and discipline/setting boundaries(△R²=0.153,P<0.05) self-efficacy were good predictors,the level of PSE at middle level and the average total score was (6.611±1.003).By descending order,they were:learning,self-acceptance,empathy,emotion,play,pressure,control and discipline/setting boundaries.The score of maternal self-efficacy was significantly higher than that of paternal self-efficacy (P<0.05).PSE was significantly higher in caregivers who lived in cities than those who lived in the countryside (P<0.05).And caregivers' educational background had significant effect on PSE.The higher the diploma was,the higher the level of PSE (P<0.05). Conclusion Different parent-child education mode should be adopted to train caregivers and to improve PSE according to different caregivers' educational levels,in order to build a better family environment for rehabilitation training of children with ASD.