中国傈僳族儿童青少年营养发展趋势

目的 分析2005-2014年10年间中国傈僳族儿童青少年体格生长发育和营养状况的发展变化趋势,并提出改善傈僳族儿童青少年目前生长发育和营养现状的建议。方法 采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,在云南省怒江州3个县随机抽取24所中小学7~18岁傈僳族学生作为研究对象。采用WHO-2006标准,对2005-2014年间历次参加全国学生体质健康调研的学生进行学生体格生长发育的变化趋势,以及生长迟缓和消瘦检出率的变化情况的比较。结果 2005-2014年傈僳族男、女生的营养不良率从48.84%和41.13%下降到30.96%和23.41%。其中 2005、2010年和2014年男生生长迟滞率分别为43.22%、35.54%和25.80%;女生分别为38.15%、33.56%和20.30%。2005、2010年和2014年傈僳族18岁身高性差分别为8.94 cm、9.96 cm和11.28 cm。结论 傈僳族儿童青少年营养状况得到明显改善,但学生营养不良问题仍很严重。针对学生营养不良和性差<13 cm等问题,建议开展人群的营养与健康教育干预工作,进一步加大力度推动和促进学生营养改善计划工作的开展,深度挖掘傈僳族成年身高的增长潜力。

Nutrition developing trends of Li'su ethnicity children and adolescents in China.

Objective To analyze the secular growth trend and nutrition status among the Li'su ethnicity children and adolescents in China from 2005 to 2014,and supply the suggestions to improve their growth and nutrition. Methods From 2005 to 2014,the children and adolescents from 24 primary and secondary school of 3 counties of Yunnan Nujiang Prefectures aged 7 to 18 were enrolled for the physic examination with the multistage stratified random cluster sampling.Using WHO-2006 standard,the changes of the rate of the students' growth retardation and malnutrition were compared,the students' secular growth and nutrition development trends were analyzed from 2005 to 2014 in the national student physical health research students. Results The malnutrition rate of Li'su boys and girls were respectively decreased from 48.84% and 41.13% to 30.96% and 23.41%.The rate of 7~18 years old Li'su boys growth retardation in 2005,2010 and 2014 were respectively 43.22%,35.54% and 25.80%;The rate of 7~18 years old Li'su girls growth retardation were respectively 38.15%,33.56% and 20.30%.The sex difference of 18-year-old height were respectively 8.94 cm,9.96 cm and 11.28 cm in 2005,2010 and 2014. Conclusions The nutritional status of Li'su children and adolescents has been significantly improved,but malnutrition remains a serious public health problem.For the serious malnutrition phenomenon,and the sex difference of height was less than 13cm.The intervention of nutrition and health education were recommended to carry on and further promote and facilitate the Students' Nutrition Improvement Program,and to develop the height growth potential of Li'su students.