云南省两城区儿童哮喘患病情况及其危险因素分析

目的 了解云南省城区儿童哮喘的流行现状、危险因素及其治疗情况,为进一步规范儿童哮喘的诊治及预防提供依据。方法 采用随机整群抽样的方法,通过自填式问卷调查与集中调查相结合的方式进行调查。对于初筛问卷中的可疑哮喘患儿按哮喘诊断标准进行诊断,对确诊的哮喘患儿填写哮喘儿童调查表。建立问卷数据库,并对数据进行整理、分析。结果 云南省两城区0~14岁儿童哮喘患病率为1.24%。哮喘患儿中既往诊断为哮喘及咳嗽变异性哮喘的为66.37%。哮喘患儿中使用抗生素治疗的有69.64%,使用支气管舒张剂治疗的有54.76%,吸入激素治疗有60.71%。家族过敏史、早产、房屋装修、烟草烟雾暴露等因素为哮喘发病的独立危险因素。结论 云南省城区0~14岁儿童哮喘患病率较10年前有明显增加。仍需进一步规范哮喘患儿诊治方法。预防早产、减少室内外污染、及时治疗变应性疾病及预防呼吸道感染是减少哮喘患病和预防哮喘发作的有效方法。

The prevalence and risk factors of asthma in children in two districts of Yunnan Province.

Objective To understand the prevalence,risk factors and treatment of asthma in children in urban areas of Yunnan province and provide evidence for standardized diagnosis,treatment and prevention. Methods Children were selected by random cluster sampling.Standardized preliminary questionnaire was used for screening out possible patients in the survey.Diagnosis of asthma was confirmed by diagnostic criteria in suspected asthmatic children.Asthmatic children were further asked for past diagnosis and treatment with the questionnaire of asthma in children.Double entry and validation were adopted for all data and analysis were carried out using Epi-Info software. Result The total asthma incidence rate was 1.24%.In all asthmatic children,66.37% were previous diagnosed with classical asthma or cough variant asthma.Antibiotics were used in 69.64%,bronchodilators in 54.76%,inhaled corticosteroid in 60.71%.Family history of allergy,premature delivery,house decoration,tobacco smoke exposure were independent risk factors for the onset of asthma. Conclusions Compared with 10 years ago,the total asthma incidence of childhood asthma aged 0~14 year old in urban district of Yunnan Province is significantly increased.The treatment and management of asthma in children awaits improvement as well.Prevention of premature birth,reduction of indoor and outdoor pollution,timely treatment of allergic diseases and prevention of respiratory tract infections are effective ways to reduce the prevalence of asthma and prevent asthma attacks.