心理学专业大学生完美主义心理个案研究

目的探究心理学专业大学生完美主义心理的表现特征,以及心理学学习经历对这种心理特征的影响。方法采用质的研究方法,分别对6位完美主义者和6位非完美主义者(皆为心理学专业四年级毕业生)进行半结构化的访谈,对访谈记录进行文本定性分析。结果心理学专业的大学生完美主义表现在设定过高目标、期望事情按自己的想象发展、对所要做的事情在头脑中反复预演和检查以避免错误、对整洁和秩序的苛求以及惧怕别人的否定等5个方面,与非心理学专业大学生相同。有4位同学认为在学习心理学以后完美主义有显著的改善,另外有2位同学有轻度的改善。其他因素,如生活中的重大挫折,也会影响完美主义心理。结论完美主义是一种较为稳定的心理特征,在不同的人群之间有相似性,但不是不可改变的。学习心理学对于完美主义有一定的治疗作用。

A Case Study on Perfectionism of College Students with Majoring in Psychology

Objective To probe into the perfectionism of college students majoring in psychology, and the influence of studying such major on the development of perfectionism. Methods A qualitative study was conducted. Six perfectionistic participants and six nonperfectionistic perfectionists (all major in psychology) were interviewed by semi-structural ways. Qualitative data was analyzed. Results College students with psychology show perfectionism in five dimensions including setting owerly high objects, desiring things to happen according to one's own imagination, compulsively and obsessively previewing and checking before doing things to avoid any mistakes, excessive demanding for orderliness and neatness, and the fear of negative evaluation from others. These five aspects are similar to the results obtained by previous studies with participant who were not major in psychology. Four interviewees believed that studying psychology decreased their perfectionistic tendency and two others proposed that experience brought only slight alleviation. Other factors, such as major frustration, also affected perfection of some interviewees. Conclusion Perfectionism is a stable psychological trait. It is similar different crowds. However, this trait is changeable. Learning psychology is theraputic to it to some extent.