海洛因成瘾大鼠脑神经元死亡方式及其超微结构的变化

目的：模仿人类吸毒成瘾临床实例建立海洛因成瘾大鼠模型，研究其脑组织中神经元超微结构的变化。方法：采用递增法给大鼠皮下注射海洛因，人为建立海洛因成瘾动物模型，设对照组和模型组，取两组动物多部位脑组织电镜下观察超微结构变化。结果：海洛因成瘾大鼠脑各取材部位，电镜视野下均能观察到神经元凋亡和胀亡这两种细胞死亡方式，凋亡神经元的超微结构特征是细胞固缩，细胞核异染色质浓聚边集，细胞裂解形成凋亡小体。胀亡神经元的超微结构特征是细胞明显肿胀，细胞质空泡化，细胞器肿胀溶解，细胞核、细胞膜溶解。结论：海洛因成瘾致脑神经元死亡有两种方式，即凋亡和胀亡，但导致两种死亡方式发生及发展的病理机制仍未明确。

DEATH MODES AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES OF BRAIN NEURON OF HEROIN-ADDICTED RATS

Objective:To imitate the clinical processes of human heroin addiction, we set up the animal model of heroin addiction and study on the changes of ultrastructure in the brain tissues of heroin-addicted rats.Methods:Appling the method of gradually increasing of dosage, rats were given subcutaneous injection of heroin,and the addiction model was established. Rats were divided into control group and model group. The brain tissues which were taken out from the animals of the two groups were observed under electron microscope.Result:Two death moods ,apoptosis and oncosis have been found in brain tissues of the heroin-addicted rats. Ultrastructural features of apoptotic neuron include cell shrinkage, cell membrane preservation, chromatin condens and apoptotic bodies existed.Ultrastructural characteristic of oncotic neuron involve cell dramatically swelling and lysis,cell membrane breakdown,cytoplasmic organelles swelling and disruption, cytoplasm blebbing and neclear degradation.Conclusion:The findings suggest that oncosis and apoptosis are the two forms of neuron death made by heroin addiction, but the pathological mechanism leading to the formation and development of these death modes still haven't been definitized.