304例矽肺患者的死因分析

目的探讨矽肺患者死因的特点。方法回顾性调查某钨矿304例矽肺患者的死因情况。结果矽肺全死因前3位为肺结核(54.3%)、肺心病(18.8%)和尘肺病(6.6%)。矽肺和肺结核病死率随着期别增加而升高(P<0.01),肺癌和其他癌症病死率随着期别增加而降低(P<0.05)。矽肺<60岁者病死率显著高于≥60岁者(P<0.01),肺心病和其他心血管病的病死率<60岁患者明显低于≥60岁者(P<0.01)。90年代矽肺病死率显著高于60、70年代(P<0.05),且肺结核病死率明显低于其他年代(P<0.01)。凿岩工矽肺、肺结核和肺心病的病死率明显高于其他工种(P<0.01)。结论矽肺主要死因为肺结核、肺心病和尘肺病。矽肺死因与矽肺期别、年龄、年代和工种有关。矽肺防治工作重点,应放在治疗和预防肺结核和肺心病。

Analysis of 304 death cause with silicosis patients

Objective To study the death feature of silicosis patients.Methods Retrospective study was used for the death feature on 304 cases silicosis patients in a wolframium mine.Results The main proportional mortality were pulmonary tuberculosis(54.3%), pneumocardial disease (18.8%) and pneumo- coniosis (6.6%). As stage increase of the silicosis, the mortality rates of the silicosis patients ant pulmonary tuberculosis patients seemed to be increased gradually(p<0.05). As stage increase of the silicosis, the mortality rates of the pulmonary carcinoma and the other carcinoma seemed to be lower gradually(p<0.05). The mortality rate of silicosis(<60 years old) was higher than that of geriatric silicosis(>60 yeas old)(p <0.01). The mortality rates of the pneumocardial disease and the other angiocardiopathy in <60 yeare old were lower than those in >60 years old(p<0.01).The mortality of 1990s was high than that in 1960s,1970s (p<0.01), and the mortality of pulmonary tuberculosis was lowest (p<0.01). The quarrymen mortality was highest (p<0. 01). Conclusion The main proportional mortality of silicosis was pneumonophthisis, pneumocardial disease and pneumoconiosis for silicosis. The death cause was correlation to silicosis stage, age, years and type of work. Preventing and treating of pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumocardial disease were the emphases for silicosis.