拉萨市林周县40岁及以上人群中盲的患病率调查

目的：调查拉萨市林周县40岁及以上人群中的盲患病率。方法：2000年4－6月采用整群抽样方法,抽取林周县44个自然村40岁及以上人群3153人进行视力及眼部检查,根据小孔视力和世界卫生组织视力损伤标准（标准A）及日常生活视力和视力损伤标准(标准B）计算盲的患病率。结果：在应受检的3153人中,实际接受检查人数为3071人,受检率为97．4％。（1）以标准A计算盲的患病率：双眼盲的患病率为2．3％（95％可信区间：1．8－2．8）;盲的患病率随年龄增长而增加（P＜0．001）;男性高于女性,差异无显著意义（P＞0．05）,调整年龄后差异有显著意义（P＜0．05）;文盲中盲的患病率高于非文盲者,差异有显著意义（P＜0．001）,调整年龄后差异无显著意义（P＞0．05）;文盲中盲的患病率高于非文盲者,差异有显著意义（P＜0．001）,调整年龄后差异无显著意义（P＞0．05）。（2）以标准B计算盲的患病率：盲的患病率为3．2％（95％可信区间：2．6－3．8）;盲的患病率亦随年龄增长而增加（P＜0．001）;男与女盲的患病率优势比值为1．2,差异无显著意义（P＞0．05）,调整年龄后差异无显著意义（P＜0．001）;男与女盲的患病率优势比值为1．2,差异无显著意义（P＞0．05）,调整年龄后差异无显著意义（P＞0．05）;文盲中盲的患病率高于非文盲者,差异有显著意义（P＜0．001）,调整年龄后差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。结论：高原地区盲的患病率高于内地。白内障是盲的主要原因。

Prevalence of blindness among adults aged 40 years or above in Linzhou county of Lasa

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of blindness among older adults aged >/= 40 years in Linzhou county, Lasa, China. METHODS: Cluster sampling was used in randomly selecting individuals aged >/= 40 years in 44 villages in Linzhou county in May, 2000. A total of 3 153 individuals were examined for visual acuity and eye condition. The prevalence of blindness was calculated according to the pinhole vision with WHO blindness criterion (criterion A) and presenting vision with blindness criterion (criterion B). RESULTS: The individuals examined were enumerated. The response rate was 97.4% (3 071/3 153). When the bilateral pinhole vision < 3/60 was defined as the blindness criterion, the prevalence of blindness was 2.3% [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.8 - 2.8]. The blindness prevalence was increased with age (P < 0.001). Men had a higher prevalence of blindness than women (P > 0.05). After adjusting for age, the difference had statistical significance (P < 0.05). Prevalence of blindness was higher among the illiterate persons than among those with 1 or more years of schooling (P < 0.001). But after adjusting for age, the difference had no statistical significance (P > 0.05). When the bilateral presenting vision < 6/60 was defined as the blindness criterion, the prevalence of blindness was 3.2% (95% CI, 2.6 - 3.8). The blindness prevalence was increased with age (P < 0.001). Men had a higher prevalence of blindness than women. The crude male-to-female odds ratio for moderate and severe blindness was 1.17 (P > 0.05). After adjusting for age, the difference had no significance too (P > 0.05). Prevalence of blindness was higher among the illiterate persons than among those with 1 or more years of schooling (P < 0.001). But after adjusting for age, the difference had no statistical significance (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of blindness is higher in the area of plateau. The principal cause of blindness is cataract.