云南省鼠疫自然疫源地研究(摘要)(英文)

云南鼠疫历史悠久，其来源中外学者多认为输入。新中国成立后经长期调查研究，现完全证明本省鼠疫并非传入而是其本身存在两种不同类型的鼠自然疫源地。1．黄胸鼠鼠疫自然疫源地分布于云南西部、西南部及南部。主要宿主黄胸鼠，主要传播媒介印鼠客蚤，病原体为鼠疫菌滇闽居民区生态型。动物流行病学特点：鼠疫动物病主要存在并流行于海拔400～2100米的平原或宽谷或盆地居民文化景观地带；各月均有发生，但以6～11月较多，高峰在8月；以鼠→蚤→鼠方式传播，以流行和潜在（或微弱）流行方式保持疫源。2．齐氏姬鼠、大绒鼠鼠疫自然疫源地存在于滇西北剑川县山区及其毗邻的丽江、兰坪、云龙、洱源部分山区。主要宿主是齐氏姬鼠和大绒鼠，主要媒介特新蚤指名亚种，病原体为滇西纵谷生态型。动物流行病学特点：鼠疫动物病主要存在并流行于疫源地内海拔2500米以上的云南松林山区耕地景观带；各月均有发生，高峰在4月和12月，表现为双峰型；从年际看，流行有高低潮，大体流行2～3年，缓和1～4年或更长。本文还对黄胸鼠鼠疫疫源地的性质与范围以及黄胸鼠鼠疫疫源地和齐氏姬鼠、大绒鼠鼠疫疫源地的区别与联系进行了讨论。

Study on the Plague Natural Foci in Yunnan Province

The plague has a long history in Yunnan. Almost all the Chinese and foreign scholars considered that the origin of plague in Yunnan was imported in the past. After the foundation of new China, through unremitting efforts, now we fully ascertained that the plague was not imported from other places but existed al1 along two types of plague focus in this province. 1. The plague natural focus of R. fiaviPectus is distributed in the west Yunnan, south Yunnan and southwest Yunnan. The main reservoir is R. flavipectus, main vector is X. cheopis and the pathogen is Y. pestis, ixanmin resident area ecotype. The epizoological characters: The plague epizootic occurred and prevailed principally in the zone of plain or wide valley or basin resident cultural landscape with an altitude of 400- 2100 metres above sea level ; might occur every month but more during period of June-November, peaking in August ; transmittted by a mode of rat-flea-rat and kept the plague sources with the mode of epizootic prevalence and latent (or week) epizootic prevalence in the populations of R. fiavipectus. 2. The plague natural focus of A. chevrieri and E.miletus miletus is located in the mountain area of Jianchuan county and its contiguous mountain areas in Lijiang, Lanping Yunlong and Eryuan counties. The main reservoirs are A. chevrieri and E.miletus miletus, main vector is Neopsylla sPecialis specialis and the pathogen is Y. pestis, western Yunnan longitudinal valley ecotype. The epizoological characters: The plague epizootics occurred and prevailed principally in the zone of pinus Yunnanensis forest and mountainy plough landscape with an altitude of 2500- 3000 metres above sea level ; might occur every month with two peaks,one in April and the other in December, presented a type of double peaks. The pervalences had a change of high and low tide, about prevailed for 2- 3 years and relaxed for l - 4 years or more.This paper also discussed the nature and the scope of plague natural focus of R. Ravipectus,the differences and the relation between the plague focus of R. fiavipectus and the plague focus of A. chevrieri and E. miletus miletus.