Sexually transmitted infections in Italy: an overview.

In Italy more than 240,000 and 500,000 cases of gonorrhoea and syphilis, respectively, were reported in 1936 but the incidence progressively fell to about 200-300/year by the early 1990s; data available now are probably 100-150% underestimated. An inefficient notification system, diversion of public funding to other fields, and the progressive decline in importance of dermatovenereological centres are responsible for this decline. The advent of the HIV epidemic (with more than 47,000 AIDS reported cases) has drained most public health resources away from the very limited interventions for the control of traditional sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This has led some groups to attempt alternative approaches to the HIV/STI prevention and treatment policies; the potential of these new experiences need to be assessed. A change in culture of the medical body politic is now essential in order to support medical professionals, administrators and programme managers seeking to implement proper STI control programmes.