上海市长宁区初中生自杀意念流行现状及影响因素分析

了解长宁区初中生自杀意念流行状况及其影响因素,为制定有效降低青少年自杀率的干预措施提供理论依据.方法 分层整取随机抽取长宁区初中生1 011名,应用自行设计的问卷进行匿名封闭式调查.结果 1 011名被调查者中,25.02%曾有过自杀意念,3.17%曾经很想自杀,1.78%曾经想过实施自杀.女生和男生的自杀意念发生率分别为27.02%和23.29%,差异有统计学意义(x2=14.209,P<0.01).不同年级、不同成绩水平初中生间自杀意念报告率差异有统计学意义(x2值分别为24.468,26.640,P值均<0.05),年级越高、成绩越差,越容易产生自杀意念.22项生活事件与自杀意念有关(P值均<0.05),其中影响较显著的为厌学情绪和家庭施加学习压力(x2值分别为127.542,116.451,P值均<0.01).厌学和受到家庭学习压力的学生中44.34%,34.76%曾有自杀意念.42项父母教养方式与自杀意念有关(P值均<0.05).性别、年龄、不喜欢上学、家庭施加学习压力、父母过分干涉、严厉惩罚是学生产生自杀意念的危险因素(OR值分别为2.143,1.310,2.406,1.302,1.501,1.653).结论 初中生产生自杀意念与多种影响因素有关,应结合青少年不同的性别、心理、家庭情况等特征制定契合的干预方法,以降低自杀意念的形成.

Analysis on prevalence of suicide ideation and its related factors among junior school students

Objective To learn the prevalence of the suicide ideation among the junior school students in Changning district and explore the possible influencing factors,and to provide the scientific reference for effectively preventing the students from suicide.Methods A total of 1 011 middle school students were selected from Changning district by stratified cluster random sampling method,and questionnaire surveys were conducted by using self-designed questionnaire in an anonymous and closed way.Results In 1 011 surveyed students,about 25.02% students had suicide ideation,3.17% students' suicide ideation was strong,1.78% students might commitle suicide.Totally 27.02% of girls and 23.29% of boys were reported of suicide ideation.There was statistical significant difference between genders(x2 =14.209,P<0.01).Boys' suicide ideation was stronger than girls'.There was statistical significant difference between grades(x2=24.468,P<0.05) and test levels(x2=26.640,P<0.05).Those in higher grade and lower test level were easier to have suicide ideation.Totally 22 life events were related to suicide ideation(P<0.05).The most relevant events were the mood of study-weariness and study pressure from family(x2=127.542,116.451,P<0.01),44.34% in the former and 34.76% in the latter were reported of suicide ideation.Totally 42 parental rearing patterns were related to suicide ideation(P<0.05).Gender,age,disliking going to school,learning pressure from family,parents' over interference and severe punishment were risk factors of suicide ideation(OR=2.143.1.310,2.406,1.302,1.501,1.653).Conclusion The measure should be taken to prevent the suicide ideation in accordance to the psychological health of adolescents.Family,school and society should unite together to create a comfortable,cozy living and learning environment.