中国四城市中小学生看护人盐相关知信行现状及限盐行为影响因素分析

了解中国城市学生看护人盐与健康相关知识、信念、行为现状及限盐行为影响因素,为制定减盐行动策略提供依据.方法 采取分层随机抽样方法,对广州、成都、武汉、沈阳4个城市12 787名中小学生看护人进行问卷调查,收集其盐相关知识和限盐行为等信息.采用Logistic回归模型分析不同营养知识水平、性别、家庭收入等对学生看护人限盐行为的影响.结果 学生看护人知道盐推荐摄入量、钠影响健康、高盐饮食引起高血压、低钠盐、限盐勺、营养标签、营养标签中必须标示钠、所有高盐调味品、所有高盐食物的比例分别是46.4%,45.5%,76.0%,71.8%,66.7%,79.8%,38.0%,3.7%,0.9%.多因素Logistic回归分析显示,相对于对照组,文化程度高、知道盐推荐摄入量对学生看护人使用低钠盐、限盐勺、选择低盐食物等限盐行为影响的OR(95%CI)值分别是1.811(1.631~2.010),1.143(1.03~ 1.269);1.297(1.133~1.486),1.561(1.363~1.789);1.280(1.172~ 1.398),1.175(1.076~1.283).结论 四城市学生看护人盐相关知识知晓率较低,限盐行为不乐观.应加强学生看护人盐相关知识的营养教育,确立信念,进而转变为健康的行为,并促进学生乃至整个家庭合理膳食,预防慢性病的发生.

Status and analysis of influencing factors of salt related knowledge,attitude and practice (KAP) among students caregivers in four cities

Objective To investigate the status of salt-related KAP and analyze the influencing factor of salt reduction behaviors among students caregivers in four cities,and to provide scientific evidence for salt reduction strategies and improvement of nutrition status among families and students.Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to recruit a total of 12 787 students' caregivers from Guangzhou,Wuhan,Chengdu and Shenyang.A questionnaire survey was used to collect information about knowledge of salt and health.Logistic regression model was used to explore influencing factors of salt reduction behaviors.Results The proportion of students' caregivers who know recommended intake of salt,sodium affecting health,effect of high-salt diets on high blood pressure,the low sodium salt,salt-reduction-spoon,nutrition labels,sodium as a compulsory content of nutrition labels,high salt favor,and high salt foods were 46.4%,45.5%,76.0%,71.8%,66.7%,79.8%,38.0%,3.7%,0.9%,respectively.As shown in multivariate logistic regression analysis,the 0R(95%CI) of education and knowing the salt intake recommendations which affects the behaviors of salt reduction,such as using low sodium salt,salt-reduction-spoon,choosing low salt foods were 1.811(1.631-2.01),1.143(1.03-1.269),1.297(1.133-1.486),1.561(1.363-1.789),1.280(1.172-1.398),1.175 (1.076-1.283),respectively.Conclusion The knowledge of salt and health among students caregivers from 4 cities was limited.The behavior of salt reduction is not optimistic.The nutrition and health education on sah-related knowledge should be conducted when implementing salt reduction program to guide the caregivers to reduce salt intake and prevent chronic diseases.