河南省中学生饮食行为流行现况及影响因素

了解河南省中学生饮食行为现况和影响因素,为有针对性地开展营养干预提供依据.方法 通过分层随机整群抽样的方法,选取河南省初中和高中学生共29 832名进行问卷调查.结果 10.4%的学生经常喝汽水饮料,17.0%的学生经常吃甜食,16.0%的学生经常吃油炸食品,2.6%的学生经常吃西式快餐,14.7%的学生经常吃路边摊,39.4%的学生有挑食行为.仅31.2%的学生经常吃水果,61.2%的学生经常吃蔬菜,89.4%的学生经常吃早餐,34.9%的学生至少每天喝1杯牛奶(豆浆、酸奶、豆奶).非条件Logistic回归结果显示,高中及缺乏体力活动(看电视、上网、玩电子游戏≥4h)是不良饮食行为发生的危险因素,而城市、男生、高年龄段、学习成绩好、经常体育锻炼是保护因素(P值均<0.05).结论 饮食行为已成为河南省中学生的主要健康问题之一,且与缺乏体力活动密切相关.应尽早进行营养干预,促进中学生良好饮食习惯的养成.

Analysis of current situation of dietary behaviors and the influencing factors among middle school students in Henan Province

Objective To study the status and influencing factors of dietary behaviors among middle school students in Henan Province so as to provide scientific basis for targeted pertinent nutrition intervention.Methods A total of 29 832 students from middle schools and high schools in Henan were selected by stratified cluster sampling method to complete a questionnaire.Results It was found that 10.4% of students drank beverage frequently,17.0% for eating sweet dessert,16.0% for eating fried foods,2.6% for eating fast-food,14.7% for eating roadside market,39.4% had food preferences behavior.Only 31.2% chose to eat fresh fruits frequently,61.2% for eating vegetable,89.4% for having breakfast,and 34.9% for drinking milk (including soybean milk,yogurt,and soymilk).Unconditional Logistic regression analysis showed that being in senior high school and lack of physical activity(watching TV,surfing the Internet,playing computer games more tha 4 h) were risk factors of bad dietary behaviors,while being in city,male,age,having good academic result,and doing physical exercises regularly were protective factors(P<0.05).Conclusion Dietary behavior has become one of the main health problems among middle school students in Henan,and is greatly correlated with the lack of physical exercises.Thus,effective nutritional prevention should be carried out early in order to promote healthy dietary behavior.