广州市960名三至六年级小学生生死态度在死亡概念与生活质量间的中介效应

了解小学生死亡概念、生死态度与生活质量现状以及三者之间的关系,为儿童青少年的心理健康干预提供依据.方法 采用方便整群抽样方法,使用死亡概念量表、生死态度量表和儿童少年生活质量量表在广州市天河区及白云区各抽取1所小学三至六年级960名学生进行问卷调查,构建结构方程模型分析变量间的直接与间接效应.结果 三至六年级小学生死亡概念总均分为(13.24±2.78)分,生死态度量表总均分为(75.28±12.21)分,生活质量总均分为(144.85±18.60)分.路径分析显示,模型拟合良好(x2/df=6.489,TLI=0.900,CFI=0.935,RMSEA=0.076,SRMR=0.041),死亡概念对生死态度具有正向影响(P<0.05),而对生活质量的影响无统计学意义(P>0.05);生死态度对生活质量具有正向影响(P<0.05),生死态度在死亡概念与生活质量间起完全中介作用(效应值为0.03,95%CI为0.003~ 0.057,P<0.05).结论 三至六年级小学生的死亡概念认知较好,生死态度和生活质量处于中等水平,死亡概念通过生死态度对生活质量产生间接影响.小学阶段可通过生死教育提升儿童的死亡认知,促进形成积极的生死态度,从而提高儿童青少年的生活质量.

Relationship between death conception and quality of life among elementary students in Guangzhou: mediating role of attitudes toward death

Objective To explore the correlation among death conception,attitude towards death and quality of life among elementary students,and to provide evidence for further mental health intervention.Methods A total of 960 convenient sample of pupils from grade 3 to 6 in Guangzhou were investigated with death conception,attitude towards death and quality of life.Structural equation model was established to examine the association between death conception and death attitudes with quality of life.Results The average score of death concept was(13.24±2.78),attitudes towards death was(75.28± 12.21) and quality of life was(144.85± 18.60).Path analysis showed that the model was well fitted(x2/df=6.489,TLI=0.900,CFI=0.935,RMSEA=0.076,SRMR=0.041),death conception positively correlated with death attitude(P<0.05) and but showed no significant association with quality of life(P>0.05),death attitude positively correlated with quality of life(P<0.05),the effect of death conception on quality of life was fully mediated by death attitude(95%CI=0.003-0.057).Conclusion Elementary students have achieved a relatively mature understanding of death concept and attitudes towards death,and have moderate level of quality of life.The death conception has an indirect effect on the quality of life through the death attitude.Results highlight the need for the death education among primary schools.