学校体育相关政策与小学高年级学生营养状况关系

分析学校体育相关政策与小学高年级学生营养状况的关系,为学校开展学生超重与肥胖的预防和控制提供科学依据.方法 采用整群抽样的方法选择北京市某城区12所小学1 889名三~五年级学生为研究对象,测量学生身高、体重,通过问卷调查学生膳食结构以及中高等强度身体活动时间,并了解学校体育相关政策.采用多水平模型分析学校体育相关政策与学生体质量指数(BMI)Z评分的相关性.结果 男生和女生BMI的Z评分分别为(0.61±1.21)和(-0.04±1.13)(t=-12.02,P<0.01).膳食总评分男女生分别为(3.39±0.80)和(3.38±0.77)(t=-0.16,P=0.874).男生的中高等强度活动达标率(20.28%)高于女生(11.91%)(x2=23.58,P<0.01).在12所小学中,各项学校体育相关政策评分为1分的学校数目为3-10,学校体育相关政策总评分的中位数(P50)为5分.调整年龄、性别、膳食总评分和中高等强度身体活动时间后,相比学校体育相关政策总评分≤5分的学校学生,总评分>5分的学校学生BMI的Z评分降低了-0.15(P=0.017).结论 学校体育相关政策与学生营养状况有关.应该积极采取措施执行各项学校体育相关政策,从而有效预防和控制学生超重与肥胖.

Association between school-level physical activity policy and nutritional state among primary school students: multi-level model analysis

Objective To analyze the association between school-level policy on physical activity (PA) and Body Mass Index (BMI) among primary school students,providing scientific evidences for obesity prevention and intervention.Methods A sum of 1 889 students of grade 3-5 frorm 12 primary schools in one district of Beijing were recruited through cluster sampling,body weight and height were measured.Dietary pattern and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were accessed by self-report questionnaire.School doctors or PE teachers reported PA associated policy in school.Multi-level model was used to analyze the association between school-level policy and BMI Z-score of students.Results The BMI Z-score of boys and girls was (0.61±1.21)and (-0.04±1.13),separately(P<0.01).Dietary scores were (3.39±0.80) and (3.38±0.77) in of boys and girls,respectively(P=0.874).About 20.28% of boys reported 1 hr/d MVPA,significantly higher than that of girls(11.92%) (P<0.01).The median score of school PA policy was 5,ranging from 3 to l0.After adjusting age,gender,dietary score and MVPA in the multi-level model,BMI Z-score was decreased by 0.15 (P=0.017) in students in school PA policy ≥5 than students from school PA policy score <5.Conclusion School-level physical activity policyis closely related to weight statues of students,further supporting childhood obesity prevention strategies which focusing on school-based physical activity policy initiatives.