保山市农村中小学生营养状况分析

了解保山市农村中小学生营养状况及学校膳食营养素供给情况,为制定相关营养改善策略提供数据支持.方法 对2016年保山市5个试点县开展常规监测,根据学校采取的企业供餐、食堂供餐2种供餐模式,各随机抽取10%的小学和初中学校,共抽取学生25 586名.测量学生身高和体重,计算学校食堂供应的食物量、能量及膳食营养素.结果 男生所有年龄组身高、体重均值均低于全国标准值,女生除6岁年龄组外,7~16岁年龄段身高、体重均值均低于标准值.男生随年龄增长,身高均值与标准值差值增大,10~16岁各年龄组体重均值与标准值差值大;女生11~16岁各年龄组体重均值与标准值差值大.男、女生生长迟缓率、中重度消瘦率、轻度消瘦率分别为2.3%,1.9%;7.7%,7.8%;7.2%,5.9%;男、女生超重率、肥胖率分别为9.8%,8.8%;6.0%,5.9%.食堂主要食物供应除粮谷类、畜禽肉类,主要营养素供给除能量、蛋白质、维生素C外,其余均未达到推荐量的80%.结论 保山市农村中小学生存在营养不良和超重肥胖并存,学校膳食供给不合理等问题.应同时注重营养不良改善、超重肥胖干预和膳食营养健康教育.

Analysis on nutritional status among elementary and middle school students in Baoshan rural area

Objective To analyze nutritional status of elementary and middle school students and the status of school supply of nutrients in Baoshan rural area,and to provide statistic support for making related strategies and tactics of nutritional improvement.Methods About 10% elementary and middle schools were selected randomly from five counties of the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students in Baoshan city by school-based and company-based food supply modes.A total of 25 586 elementary and middle school students were recruited,and their height and weight were measured according to the standard method,school food and nutrients supplying were analyzed.Results Both average height and weight of male students were lower than the standard value,except 6-age group,both average height and weight of female students were lower than the standard value.With the age grew,the gap between average height of male students and the standard value was increased,height differences were obviously in 10-16 age groups;female students' weight difference was obviously in 11-16 age groups.The prevalence of growth retardation,moderate and severe emaciation,low-grade emaciation in male and female were 2.3%,1.9%;7.7%,7.8%;7.2%,5.9%,respectively.The prevalence of overweight and obesity in male and female were 9.8%,8.8%,6.0%,5.9%,respectively.Except for grains and poultry of the main food supply of school canteens and energy,protein,vitamin C of main nutrients,the others could not amount to 80% of recommended amount.Conclusion Malnutrition,overweight and obesity were coexisting among primary and middle school students in Baoshan.The schools provided a unreasonable supply of food nutrients,thus,the relevant health education should be carried out.